Endocrine Abstracts

Obesity is a major health problem that is crucial in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern in which periods of fasting, lasting from 12 up to 36h, are alternated with periods of eating. Time restricted feeding (TRF) 16/8 is a type of intermittent fasting that is being used to lose weight and for treating metabolic disorders. Several studies in humans have shown a slight effect of TRF ...

Introduction: Acromegaly is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH), usually by a pituitary adenoma, and a concomitant excess of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Excess GH and IGF-1 exert many actions on the cardiovascular (CV) system and especially on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors which are common, especially in active acromegaly, but often persist after adequate treatment in patients with controlled disease.Clinical case: ...

Introduction: The thyroid lymphoma (TL) is a rare disease, accounting for less than 2% of thyroid neoplasms. The majority of cases are of the non-Hodgkin (NHL) B-cell lineage and large cell type.Objective: To present a rare case documented in the literature of Primary Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) of the thyroid, in a 20-year-old male patient.Methods: The clinical history and records of the case, biopsy reports, immunohis...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and Furin were known to be key players for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thyroid gland was shown to be one of the relevant targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection allegedly due to the higher expression levels of these molecules in follicular cells. However, it remains to be fully determined the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin in normal follicular cell. In addition, the putative role of these molecules...

Background: Kisspeptins (KISS1) and their receptor, KISS-1R, are expressed at higher levels in first trimester placental trophoblast cells than in term gestation. Expression is localised to the trophoblast compartment. In contrast to KISS1 which is only expressed in the villous trophoblast, KISS-1R is also found in the extravillous trophoblast population. Kisspeptins produced by first trimester trophoblast cells inhibited migration. Pre-eclampsia is known to be caused due to d...

Introduction: Patients with germline mutations in one of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes are at substantially increased risk of developing paragangliomas (PGL) and pheochromocytomas (PCC). Mutations in SDHB are the most commonly found gene mutations in PC/PGL and are associated with younger ages at presentation, higher rates of metastases and poorer prognosis. Although familial PGL syndromes were initially thought to predispose only for PCC and PGL, other tumor types s...

Introduction: Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare, low-grade thyroid carcinoma, with indolent clinical course and usually a favorable prognosis. The clinical and imagistic features are not specific for CASTLE but similar to other malignant lesions of the thyroid, making diagnosis difficult and reliant on immunohistochemical examination. The conclusive diagnosis requires pathological examination and positive cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) immuno...

Cell immortalization has been considered for a long time as a classic hallmark of cancer cells. Besides telomere maintenance due to the ‘alternative mechanism of telomere lengthening’ it was advanced that such immortalization could be due to telomerase reactivation, but the mechanisms underlying such reactivation remained elusive.Mutations in the coding region of telomerase gene are very rare in the cancer setting, despite being associated with...

BackgroundPosterior pituitary ectopia is a rare congenital condition that consists of the abnormal position of the distinctly hyperintense signal suggestive of the posterior pituitary gland on magnetic resonance imaging. The classical features include the ectopic location of the posterior pituitary gland, pituitary stalk abnormalities and associated clinical manifestations related to isolated growth hormone deficiency. In rare cases, some patients suffer...

Gliomas constitute the most frequent type of brain tumors and are characterized by a rapid growth and high diffusion through the brain. In particular, astrocytomas are a subtype of malignant gliomas that are graded from low to high aggressiveness (i.e. grade I, II, III and IV), being grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) the most malignant type, and one of the most common cancers in the brain and CNS. To date, surgery is the first-line therapy combined with chemotherapy or r...