Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Recently, Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been frequently used as promising treatment options for some advanced malignancies. Although immune-related side effects secondary to PD-1 inhibitor treatment are well defined in the literature, data on PD-L1 inhibitors are limited. Thyroid dysfunction was reported in 10% of patients in the clinical study of atezolizumab. We aimed to present a case of severe hypothyroidism-related rhabdomyolysis and...

Introduction: Atypical parathyroid tumour (APT) is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with a frequency of 1.2-1.3%. APT is a lesion with suspicious clinical and histological features of malignancy which does not completely respect the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of Parathyroid Carcinoma (PC). There is a well-known association with PHT and medullary thyroid carcinoma for multiple endocrine neoplasia. However, concurrence of thyroid pap...

Introduction: Advances in the understanding of the natural history and genetics of phaechromocytomas and paragangliomas have altered the demographics of these conditions resulting in much higher rates of malignancy and association with known genetic abnormalities.Objective: To analyse the clinical and biochemical features of hereditary (H) and sporadic (S) phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas.Design: Retrospective case-series at G...

A positive expression of oestrogen-receptors has recently been demonstrated in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours as well as in non-neoplastic islet-cells. This prompted us to systematically analyse the expression of both oestrogen and progesterone receptors in a series of GEP neuroendocrine tumours. We analysed oestrogen- and progesterone-receptor in 69 foregut GEP, 25 midgut GEP and seven hindgut GEP. Namely, the foregut GEP included 53 pancreatic NET. All tumour samples were...

Introduction: Hyponatraemia is the most frequent electrolyte disturbance in clinical practice. It is encountered in isolation or as a complication of other medical conditions. The classification of hyponatraemia by volume status and severity – mild (125–134 mmol/l), moderate (115–124 mmol/l), and severe (<115) is of significance both prognostically and as a means of guiding management.Methodology: A retrospective review was carried out...

Previous studies have shown increased hypoglycemia-associated cardiac arrhythmia and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the response of gastrointestinal hormones and glucoregulatory hormones to the oral glucose tolerance test in patients who were diagnosed with reactive hypoglycemia and to evaluate the risk of arrhythmia with long-holter ECG measurements in patients with a diagnosis o...

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational, cross sectional and longitudinal studies of sleep apnoea syndrome in acromegalic subjects to determine a) prevalence b) effect of treatment and c) relationship to GH and/or IGF-1.Method: A PubMed search using ‘(acromegaly) AND (sleep apnoea)’ as search terms was performed with subsequent hand searching of relevant papers. Cross sectional and longitudinal studies were ...

Context: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses, is a serious reproductive problem, affecting 1–5 per cent of reproductive-age women. Although a high percentage (7.46%) of RPL cases are reported from India, scanty reports are available on the molecular mechanisms associated with RPL susceptibility in the population of the north-eastern state of Assam. Hormonal imbalances are a major cause of recurrent pregnancy loss. Recent stu...

Local and systemic bone loss is a common complication in patients with chronic inflammatory disease. Previously, we have identified that glucocorticoid (GC) activation by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is increased within tissues such as bone during systemic inflammation. However, whilst effective at suppressing inflammation, in excess, GCs drive osteoporosis. To determine the contribution of 11β-HSD1 activated glucocorticoids to inf...

Local and systemic bone loss is a common complication in patients with chronic inflammatory disease. Previously, we have identified that glucocorticoid (GC) activation by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is increased within tissues such as bone during systemic inflammation. However, whilst effective at suppressing inflammation, in excess, GCs drive osteoporosis. To determine the contribution of 11β-HSD1 activated glucocorticoids to inf...