Endocrine Abstracts

Non-thyroidal-illness syndrome (NTIS) is present in chronic diseases and considered an adaptive mechanism. However oxidative stress is linked to NTIS in a vicious circle, due to deiodinases alteration and negative effects of low T3 on antioxidant levels or activity. Moreover there is a tissue-specific thyroid hormone transport, receptor binding and hormone metabolism. Muscle is one of the main targets of thyroid hormone; on the other hand, Irisin is a novel discovered myokine ...

: Non-thyroidal-illness syndrome (NTIS) is present in chronic renal failure and considered an adaptive mechanism. However oxidative stress is linked to NTIS in a vicious circle, due to deiodinases alteration and negative effect on antioxidant levels or activity. One key antioxidant, protective toward ROS-mediated tissue damage, is extracellular superoxide-dismutase (ec-SOD), present in extracellular matrix and with a role in mediating nitric oxide-induced signaling. ec-SOD is ...

First, it is pertinent to ask WHY we should optimise thyroid status after RAI therapy. The links between poorly controlled thyroid function and patients’ wellbeing, weight and thyroid eye symptoms will be discussed. This talk will also outline the use of block and replace therapy to reduce the risk of thyroid hormone instability following RAI....

In common with other chronic conditions, persistence with treatment for osteoporosis is poor, with fewer than 50% of patients continuing treatment by 12 months. Reasons for this are multifactorial; treatment does not lead to symptomatic benefit, may be difficult to take and can cause adverse effects. Furthermore, poor compliance may not be overt and may be unintentional. Monitoring an individual’s response to treatment can identify those with subopt...

Oral bisphosphonate therapy provides the usual first line approach to the treatment of osteoporosis and is associated with relative reduction in fracture risk of approximately 50% at the spine, 30% at the proximal femur and up to 20% at peripheral sites. Fracture risk reduction is maintained over 5 years of treatment and there are data confirming continued efficacy of treatment for up to 10 years in individuals at high fracture risk. Prolonged bisphosphonate treatment has, how...

Oral bisphosphonate therapy provides the usual first line approach to the treatment of osteoporosis and is associated with relative reduction in fracture risk of approximately 50% at the spine, 30% at the proximal femur and up to 20% at peripheral sites. Fracture risk reduction is maintained over 5 years of treatment and there are data confirming continued efficacy of treatment for up to 10 years in individuals at high fracture risk. Prolonged bisphosphonate treatment has, how...

Constitutional delay is a common presentation to paediatric endocrine clinics. Most are boys who have been at the bottom of the normal range for height during childhood and then started to feel left behind as their peers develop in puberty. There is no agreed cut off age but most boys referred are 13–15 years old. Most boys with delay of puberty are healthy, although there is an association with chronic medical conditions (eg inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile rheumatoi...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) forms an important component of fracture risk assessment. The objective of the report is to enable confident management by the non-expert recipient. A good report summarises the relevant information, provides a clear clinical interpretation and may also provide detailed management recommendations or refer to agreed management protocols. It needs to achieve a balance between over-simplification and inclusion of unnecessary detail.<p cl...

Immunotherapy in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has been investigating over the years, mainly with interferon-alpha-2b and oncolytic virus, without conclusive results. The new immune checkpoint inhibitors (IC-Is) are in an initial phase of investigation in NENs with no published study so far, apart from Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). For this latter NEN Avelumab has been recently approved by the FDA and EMA in advanced disease irrespective of the line of treatment. From a biolo...

Osteoporosis is characterised by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture. Many lifestyle factors are known to affect bone strength and moreover, may further affect fracture risk through modification of the risk of falling. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a major determinant of bone strength and reflects peak bone mass and subsequent rates of bone loss, both of which are influenced by lifestyle factors. Peak bone mass is a strongly heritable trait but m...