Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Lactic acidosis is a common finding in critically ill patients. In patients with poorly controlled diabetes for a prolonged period of time, Glycogenic hepatopathy (GH), can cause lactic acidosis which is a rare condition that develops due to excessive accumulation of glycogen in the hepatocytes.Cases: Two cases with poorly controlled diabetes and glycogenic hepatopathy are presented. First patient was a 28 year old female with 20 year history...

Fifty-five years old patient with background of type 2 DM, referred by the GP with low serum Cortisol levels (<50), when was investigated for his ongoing symptoms of tiredness with low energy level. He also noticed reduced sexual drive and erectile dysfunction worsening over years along with reduced shaving frequency, to twice a week and sparse hair growth on his body. He denied any trouble with his peripheral vision or any significant headaches, but did feel dizzy on occa...

Forty-three years old lady with background of hypertension was seen in the GP surgery with hirsutism noticed over years. She was referred to the gynaecologist for further work up who in turn discharged her back suggesting possibility of PCOS in view of her biochemical and clinical findings but with no radiological evidence of ovarian cysts.Her PMHx was significant for mild asthma though rarely requiring inhaled steroids.Previously ...

A 74 years old man was referred to endocrine clinic with abnormal TFTs with raised free T4 (39.7 pmol/l; NR: 7.0–17 pmol/l), raised FT3 (7.3 pmol/l; NR: 3.5–6.5 pmol/l) and normal TSH (1.9 mU/ml; NR: 0.35–5.5 mU/ml) which were done on routine testing by his GP. PMH included COPD and B12 deficiency. He had no symptoms suggestive of thyrotoxicosis and was clinically euthyroid. Investigations were arranged to exclude the three possibilities of assay interference, R...

Introduction: Hypercalcemia is a common clinical abnormality seen in clinical practice. One of the leading causes of hypercalcemia is Primary hyperthyroidism from a parathyroid adenoma. While the ectopic parathyroid tissue is typically found in the thymus and anterior mediastinum, Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma is a challenging cause of primary hyperparathyroidism leading to persistent hypercalcemia even post-surgery.Case His...

Objectives: to evaluate the clinical and biochemical effects of (SGLT2) inhibitors as a fourth oral anti-diabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients (Materials) and Methods: In a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, a retrospective assessment of patient medical records was conducted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020.A total of 100 patients (mean age [Standard Deviation]: 53.8 [9.63] years) with poorly controlled T2D...

Introduction: A suspected human carcinogen and antithyroid substance, ethylenethiourea (ETU), is produced during the metabolism of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs). These fungicides are sprayed from above or while wearing a backpack. Ethylenethiourea (ETU), a Type II B carcinogen, and antithyroid chemicals are produced when EBDCs are broken down.Objective: The objective of conducting this research was to compare the occurrence of thyroid problems amon...

Case history: A 30 years old male Caucasian had his saliva tested on a self-funded commercial DNA testing to identify his ancestral roots. The markers for Y chromosome were found to be absent and further evaluation revealed him to have 46 XX karyotype.This was consistent with the diagnosis of De la Chapelle syndrome or XX male syndrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies confirmed the presence of SRY (sex determining region Y) gene which was responsible...

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) accounts for upto 2% of all patients with diabetes. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 alpha (HNF1-A) MODY is the most common subtype accounting for 30–70% of all MODY cases. Typically, it presents in young adults below the age of 45, frequently < 25 with autosomal dominant family history of diabetes, absence of autoimmune markers and insulin resistance and c-peptide positivity.DKA is a rare complication of M...

A 60-year-old lady was referred with male pattern hair loss and facial hirsutism of 5–7 years duration. She was otherwise well and had two children in their 30s. She was not taking any medication and reported a normal menstrual cycle prior to menopause at the age of 50.Her androgen profile showed a high testosterone level of 6.1 nmol/l (range <2.5), androstenedione 3.8 nmol/l (0.7–3.8), DHEAS 5.7 μm/l (0.80–4.9), SHBG 33 nmol/l, F...