Endocrine Abstracts

Background: One of the main indications for parathyroidectomy surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is osteoporosis. NICE guideline recommends 2-3 yearly Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assessments to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in asymptomatic PHPT. Objective: We undertook an audit to evaluate bone health practice in PHPT patients in line with NICE guidelines.Methodology: Retrospective case notes and electr...

Background: Conventional treatment for chronic hypoparathyroidism (CHP) is Vitamin-D analogues and calcium supplementation, not replacement of lacking hormone, as done in other hormone-deficiency states.Objectives: Retrospective evaluation of CHP management in line with European Society of Endocrinology Guideline was undertaken, to assess adequacy of calcium-homeostasis and morbidity.Methodology: Retrospective case-note and electro...

Case history: A 60-year-old male underwent left sided orchidectomy for a Seminoma in November 2005. As a part of work up for the Seminoma, he was noted to have bilateral adrenal masses which raised the possibility of metastasis.Investigations: CT scan of the abdomen showed 22 mm mass on the right with a Hounsfield units of −31 and a 12 mm mass on the left with Hounsfield units of −1. The radiological phenotype of these masses along with densi...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PPTH) is a common referral to endocrine clinics with a clinical spectrum ranging from an asymptomatic state to a symptomatic disorder with or without end organ damage. We audited our management against the NIH guidelines which are endorsed by the Endocrine Society.Methods: There is no outpatient coding system to correctly identify all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We included patient on radiology da...

Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) including dexamethasone (Dex) are potent anti-inflammatory drugs. However, long-term use of GCs results in deleterious side effects such as hyperglycemia, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. The nuclear hormone receptors LXRα and LXRβ are known for their important roles in modulating whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Recently, we have shown that liver X receptor β (LXRβ) knockout mice are protected against Dex-induced ...

Introduction: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is usually not described as a common cause of hypercalcemia unless there is hepatoma. Of late, there are some reports suggesting CLD as a cause for hypercalcemia. The exact mechanism contributing to hypercalcemia in CLD is poorly understood. It usually correlates with the severity of disease.Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of hypercalcemia in patients with chronic liver disease To study the relation of...

Diabetes is a manageable but serious illness characterized by high blood sugar. In present study, comparison of treatment of metformin, insulin (biphasic isophane insulin) and insulin (biphasic isophane insulin)+metformin in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with HbA1c>7% was performed. A total 45 patients of type 2 diabetes with HbA1c>7% were selected. The selected 45 patients were divided into three groups of 15 each. First group was treated with metformin (10...

A 42-year-old man presented to an outside hospital in 2015 with a 5-year history of increasing shoe size, ring size and low mood. During this 5-year period, he was also diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnoea. On examination, he had signs consistent with acromegaly. This was confirmed on biochemical testing with an IGF-1>1200 mg/l, along with partial hypopituitarism and raised prolactin. His formal visual fields testing demonstrated a bilateral...

Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular complications. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a novel anti-angiogenic adipokine highly expressed in obese, insulin-resistant subjects. We sought to assess TSP-1 levels in adipose (AT) from PCOS women and matched controls. The effects of metformin treatment on circulating TSP-1 levels in PCOS subjects; effects of serum from normal and PCOS women on in vitro migration and...

Orexin-A and orexin-B orchestrate their diverse central and peripheral effects via two G-protein coupled receptors, OX1R and OX2R, which activate multiple G-proteins. They are involved in a host of physiological processes including, steroidogenesis, appetite control and energy regulation. Whilst some signalling mechanisms have been proposed for individual recombinant orexin receptors in generic mammalian cell types, it is clear that the peripheral effects of orexin are spatial...