Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs; ~2% of all malignancies) commonly arise from the GI tract, pancreas, and lung and often present with metastatic disease. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of NETs. The oral mTOR inhibitor (mTORi), everolimus, is approved for treatment of patients with NETs of the GI tract, lung, or pancreas. However, due to the rarity and heterogeneity, nonspecific clinical symptoms, and unique indolent biology,...

Background: nab-Sirolimus, approved in the US for patients with advanced malignant PEComa, is a novel albumin-bound mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) that inhibits the mTOR pathway via suppression of the mTORC1 complex. When TSC1 or TSC2 is inactivated via mutation or loss, the mTOR pathway may be aberrantly activated. TSC1 and TSC2 alterations occur in a range of common cancers. Clinically, in the AMPECT exploratory analysis of nab-sirolimus in advanced malignant PEComa (NCT02494570), 8...

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various pregnancy-related disorders, including GDM. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate and compare oxidative stress levels among GDM patients, shedding light on potential implications for maternal and fetal health.Methods: A total o...

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) is used for metabolic indications in the treatment of adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD). In addition to influencing growth processes in childhood, GH is important in regulating metabolic processes at every stage of life. GH, via insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), has an anabolic effect on protein metabolism, also in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle. Moreover, myokines produced by muscle fibers stimulated by muscle contraction, acting in...

Introduction: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic and progressive disease caused by a pituitary adenoma. Excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) leads to cell proliferation and differentiation, which results in changes in external appearance and causes various systemic complications. Elevated levels of GH and IGF-I are also thought to promote the development of cancer and some studies have shown that acromegaly is a disease with a high ris...

Introduction: AVP secretion disturbances in pituitary lesions usuall, present as AVP deficienc, due to compression of the posterior pituitary lobe. Excessive secretion of AVP (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis) (SIAD) is ver, uncommon in patients with pituitary tumor. A few cases of non-functionating adenoma, prolactinoma, and even pituitary apoplex, were described to present with SIAD. Pituicytoma is a rare tumor of the neurohypophysis. The, usuall, present with visual d...

Background: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a group of genetic conditions characterized by alterations in connective tissue structure, which produces various symptoms. Some subtypes of this syndrome are associated with structural alterations of tenascin-X, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein encoded by the TNXB gene, which partially overlaps the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes adrenal 21-hydroxylase. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between tenascin-X level...

Objectives: There is no consensus about specific serum 25(OH)D levels associated with higher risk of severe outcome in COVID-19 patients. According to the literature patients with serum 25(OH)D levels < 12 ng/ml are clearly deficient at all ages. Our aim was to assess COVID-19 mortality in the settings of severe 25(OH)D deficiency.Methods: A cohort study of 357 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Subjects were monitored until discharge or in-hospital de...

The tumor immune microenvironment is essential, it could influence a favorable or negative response against the tumor cells, and it has been related to therapy response and prognostic factors. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) plays an important role in the development, progression, and tumor control, thus presence of TILs could be related to disease-specific traits. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes in forty-two pituitary ad...

Introduction: A mutation in the PROP-1 gene is a rare cause of childhood-onset hypopituitarism. Patients with the disorder usually present with multiple pituitary hormone deficits. The pattern of development and the course of insufficiencies of individual axes remain unclear and affect patients metabolic status. Growth hormone therapy and substitution of other hormones may influence on glucose and lipid metabolism as well. Aim: To characterize the carboh...