Endocrine Abstracts

Aim: To develop non-invasive cytochemical diagnostic technique and monitoring of compensation of diabetes mellitus type 2.Materials and methods: Material for cytological and cytochemical analyses was oral swab cheek in 22 healthy people and 33 sick ones with type 2 diabetes mellitus at sub compensation stage. The group under study was homogenous in age (45–65 years), sex (men) and biorhythmic type. Experiments were performed on human subjects and lo...

Background: Clinical reactive hypoglycemic events are defined as the coexistence of plasma glucose <60 mg/dl and autonomic and/or neuroglycopenic symptoms occurring in fed conditions. The diagnosis is based on tests aiming to simulate the causative triggers (i.e. mixed meal test). In clinical practice, however, a high percentage of symptomatic patients results negative to such diagnostic approach, leading to the impression of an inadequate sensitivity of this diagnostic to...

Introduction: There is an increasing evidence of vitamin D role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Gestational diabetes (GD) is related to insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency has been linked with GD risk in some studies.Aims: To assess whether vitamin D levels are related with gestational diabetes in a group of healthy pregnant women.Subjects: The whole group included 845 pregnant women recruited from April 2009 to ...

Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the features of Cushing’s disease (CD). Studies indicated different frequencies of CD among obese, type 2 DM patients. The frequency of CD among obese, type 2 DM have’nt been studied in Turkey. Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of CD among obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) type 2 DM patients that had not classical morphological findings of CD.Patients and methods: Two hundred consec...

Introduction: Indirect calorimetry is the most frequently used method to measure resting energy expenditure (REE), but the great expense of equipment precludes its widespread use. The best known REE calculation formula is the ‘Harris and Benedict Formula’. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of glucose metabolism status on REE.Methods: Data from 110 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 108 subjects with impaired fasting glu...

Introduction: Schwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is usually manifested with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, short stature, and chronic neutropenia. SDS associated with osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting with ketoacidosis is quite rare.Case: A 29-year-old woman was admitted to emergency room with symptoms of frequent urination and confusion. She had not history of diabetes mellitus or any other disease. On her examination, she had n...

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate thyroid autoantibodies, celiac antibodies and antiparietal antibody in patients with type 1 DM.Methods: Thyroid antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies, antiinsulin, antiislet cell and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies, antiparietal antibody, antiendomisium, anti...

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key component of the insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The aim was to study the prevalence of NAFLD in women and men with DM2.Methods/design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. We analyzed data from in-hospital patients: 96 women (mean age 63.2±11.4 years) and 80 men with DM2 (mean age 59.0±10.7 years)). Body wei...

Hepatic glucose metabolism is zonated. Glycolysis is mainly localized in hepatocytes surrounding the hepatic vein (pericentral zone) whereas gluconeogenesis is mainly carried out by hepatocytes surrounding the portal vein (periportal zone). Expression of the gene encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, PCK1) is reduced upon feeding, an effect mainly controlled by insulin. PEPCK is considered a peri-portal enzyme. However, the differential ef...

Introduction: Sleep restriction and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep parameters to long-term glycaemic control, and to assess possible risk factors for impaired sleep.Research design and methods: We studied 99 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (55M, 44F, duration of diabetes 26.9±1.2 years) and 99 age-, g...

Background: Depressive syndrome is a common psychiatric disorder in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), with negative outcomes in metabolic control and risk of developing cronic complications among these patients.Aims: i) To know the prevalence of depressive syndrome in a group of 113 T2DM seen consecutively in an endocrinologic outpatient clinic. ii) To analyze if there are any sociodemographic, clinical or biochemical differences between T2DM with positiv...

Introduction: The course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is insidious and, before its development, other glucose homeostasis abnormalities can be detected: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and elevation of HbA1c.Aims: To compare the prevalence of glucose homeostasis abnormalities in obese patients, using diagnostic criteria of American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2009, ADA 2010 and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2...

Introduction: Recently, the American Diabetes Association has proposed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic criteria for diabetes (HbA1c≥6.5%) and prediabetes (5.7%≤HbA1c≤6.4%).Aims: To compare HbA1c with fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes, in obese patients; to calculate its sensitivity and specificity when compared with standard diagnostic criteria.<p c...

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is increasingly recognized as a powerful predictor of patient risk for developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. It is viewed as the phenotypic confluence of atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension, central obesity and insulin resistance (with or without type 2 diabetes) resulting from dysregulated gene expression and lifestyle behaviours.Aim: Because insulin resistance is a core defect in type 2 di...

Introduction: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare, multisystemic genomic disorder. While the natural history of the disease in childhood is quite well-known, few descriptions of the adult WS medical complications have been published.Method: Twenty-two young adult patients with WS (13 females, 9 males, age: 29.2±5.4 years) were studied. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in all but one with known diabetes mellitus (DM). β-Cell ...

Aims/hypothesis: Several data have shown the association between diabetes type 2 (DM2) and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms, in several and different ethnical populations. Although the pathophysiology is not completely clear, it seems that beta and alpha cell functions are abnormal. Up to these days there is no clinical data showing association between TCF7L2 gene polymorphism allele rs7903146 T and beta cell insulin and C-peptide contents in DM2 patie...

Objective: To determine the predictive risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) during the 8.5 follow up.Research design and methods: This is an 8-year prospective study in a randomly selected urban population including 2838 subjects aged ≥40 years living in Krakow. Seven hundred and six had IGT (387) or IFG (319) based on WHO criteria and 2...

Type II diabetes is a clinical disorder of glucose and fat metabolism, caused by an inability of insulin to promote sufficient glucose uptake into adipose tissue and striated muscle and to prevent glucose output from the liver. Skeletal muscle is an important element for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis because it can increase, after stimulation, glucose uptake from the blood. In previous experiments we found that acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG), obestati...

Introduction: Ramadan fasting may alter fuel metabolism and energy expenditure by inducing changes in the meal timing, sleep–wake patterns and physical activity. It could affect blood glucose through disrupting energy balance. Evaluation of resting energy expenditure (REE) could help to recommend best nutrition advices to diabetics for maintaining acceptable metabolic control.Methods: Thirteen type 2 diabetics who were fasted in Ramadan were compare...

Aim: HMβ is a metabolite of leucine commonly used by athletes and in medical practice in order to increase muscle mass and/or minimize protein degradation. We have previously shown that chronic intake of HMβ increases GH synthesis and secretion in rats, which might account to its anabolic effect. However HMβ-treated rats, although normoglycemic, exhibited hyperinsulinemia, suggesting an apparent insulin resistance (IR) state. The present study attempted to inves...

Objective: Fetuin-A, which is a blood protein produced by liver and promotes bone mineralization, is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Whether Fetuin-A levels relate to the bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients is still not clear. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship of fetuin-A to the markers of bone metabolism and bone turnover in male and female type 2 diabetic patients.Participants and methods: Eighty type 2 diabetic patie...

The paper shows the data on diabetes mellitus occurrence in the population of northern Kosovo and Metohija (local inhibitants and displaced person). The research comprises results of 42 495 examinations in Unit of Internal Diseases of Medical Centre in Kosovska Mitrovica in theperiod of January 2000–December 2002 (14 000 examinations on average, annualy). Diabetes was diagnosed and classified on the basis of the latest internationally recognazed criteria in 280 580, that ...

The medical and social importance of a problem of a gestational diabetes (GD) is caused by higher probability of occurrence of the complicated current of pregnancy and delivery. Frequency of a GD varies within 1.5–13% from total pregnancies, essentially increasing in risk groups.Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty-six pregnant women in different periods of gestation were examined. The estimation of GD’s risk factors was spent to all wo...

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is rare, representing 6.8% of mortality in our country. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated. Main hypothesis include: PC triggers DM; DM is a risk factor for PC; diabetes treatment modifies cancer risk.Objective: To evaluate DM and PC association.Methods: Evaluation of patients with PC (2006–2009), divided into: group A (without DM) and group B (with DM). Parameters evaluated: age, gen...

Introduction: Vaspin, identified as a novel insulin-sensitizing adipokine, is suggested to be dysregulated in T2DM patients with loss of association between circulating vaspin levels, BMI and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to examine whether restrictive bariatric surgery in severely obese women with T2DM leads to a realignment of vaspin and metabolic factors early following surgery and before complete resolution of diabetic status.Met...

Introduction: We tested our hypotheses that higher anxiety/depression scores can be connected with food preference of carbohydrates and higher insulin resistance.Methods: We examined 42 healthy men (average age 43.5±7.4 years, average BMI 27.4±5.7 kg/m2). Study protocol included filling in the self-asssessing scores of anxiety (SAS) resp. depression (SDS), carbohydrate-craving questionnaire (CCQ); assessment of 3-days diet records, h...

Introduction: Considering the high capacity of water transport of Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT1, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role the SGLT1 in luminal membrane of ductal cells of salivary glands upon the non-stimulated salivary secretion of diabetic rats. The present study also investigates the presence of glucose transporter GLUT1 in salivary glands of rats.Methods: Non-stimulated salivary secretion and SGLT1/GLUT1 protein (...

Background and aims: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The therapy with antiretroviral drugs is associated with increasing reports of metabolic abnormalities such as body fat abnormalities, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia. We investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with AIDS in treatment with antiretroviral drugs.<p class="...

Objective: Catch-up growth might be associated with metabolic risk later in life. The β-cell has a higher energy requirement and poor antioxidant defense. The accelerator hypothesis predicts earlier onset in heavier people, without necessarily a change in risk, and views diabetes as the one disorder of insulin resistance, set against different genetic backgrounds. Insulin resistance is a function of fat mass, and increasing body weight is accompanied by earlier presentati...

Background and objectives: Identification of metabolic syndrome (MS) is important for the strategy to reduce the prevalence of NIDDM. The latest IDF consensus definition emphasizes waist circumference as the central criteria, while the earlier ATP III definition gives equal importance to different risk factors. In absence of local data on definition of central obesity, it might be inappropriate to use the IDF definition. Therefore, it is aimed to investigate the prevalence of ...

Objective: The study set out to determine the out-of-pocket and indirect costs of treating diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.Method: The study was conducted at two tertiary health facilities that are 25 km apart and operate under the same management, the Wesley Guild Hospital (WGH) and the Ife Hospital Unit (IHU) both in southwestern Nigeria. An interview-structured questionnaire and case note records were used to determine demographic variables, how much pat...

Introduction: ‘PreDiabetes’ was considered as a categories of increased risk for diabetes on the last ADA recommendations in 2010. The proposed diagnostic criteria include an HbA1c value between 5.7 and 6.4%, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (100–125 mg/dl) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) levels (2-h values in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 140 to 199 mg/dl). The HbA1c as new diagnostic criteria may actually increase the number of patients diagnose...