Prevalence of symptoms and precipitating factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in diabetic patients

Ines Mezghani; Rim Marrakchi; Mohamed Ksentini; Mariem Boudaya; Kamel Jammoussi; Mouna Turki; Faten Hadj Kacem; Mohamed Abid

doi:10.1530/endoabs.90.EP297

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Endocrine Abstracts (2023) 90 EP297 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.90.EP297

ECE2023 Eposter Presentations Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition (355 abstracts)

Prevalence of symptoms and precipitating factors of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in diabetic patients

Ines Mezghani ¹ , Rim Marrakchi ¹ , Mohamed Ksentini ¹ , Mariem Boudaya ¹ , Kamel Jammoussi ¹ , Mouna Turki ¹ , Faten Hadj Kacem ² & Mohamed Abid ²

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¹Hedi-Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia, Biochemistry Departement, Sfax, Tunisia; ²Hedi-Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia, Endocrinology Departement, Sfax, Tunisia

Background/Aim: Since diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder and the diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is considered as a medical emergency, our aim was to determinate the frequency of symptoms and precipitating factors of DKA in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study concerning all patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department for DKA between August 2021 to December 2022. We compared the differences in prevalence, of precipitating factors and clinical presentations between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes.

Results: Out of 30 patients, 19 (63.3%) patients had type 1 diabetes and 11 (36.7%) had type 2 diabetes. The mean age of patients was 26.7 ±10.4 years (type 1 diabetes 22±6.5 years; type 2 diabetes 34.9±11 years). The most common symptoms of patients were polyuria and polydipsia seen in 56.7% of patients (T1D: 42.1% vs T2D:81.8%) at the first time of their admission. Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and dehydration were observed in 43.3% (T1D:47.4% vs T2D:36.4%), in 26.7% (T1D:31.6% vs T2D:18.2%), in 10% (T1D:10.5% vs T2D:9.1%) and in 6.7% (T1D:5.3% vs T2D:9.1%) of patients, respectively. Polyuria and polydipsia were the only symptoms statistically different between the two groups (P=0.03). The most common precipitating factor of DKA was therapy discontinuation seen in 43.3% of patients (T1D:52.6% vs T2D:27.3%). First presentation and infections were observed in 33.4% (T1D:26.3% vs T2D:45.5%) and in 23.3% (T1D:21.1% vs T2D:27.3%) of patients, respectively. The differences in precipitating factors of DKA between the two groups were no significant.

Conclusion: The most common precipitating factor of DKA was therapy discontinuation mainly among T1D. More information about diabetes mellitus among population is necessary to reduce the incidence of DKA.