Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT2613

Introduction: Obesity is now recognized as a global pandemic and a major public health problem. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, often associated with metabolic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal complications. Beyond body mass index (BMI), which remains the most commonly used diagnostic tool, detailed assessment of body composition provides a better understanding of the imbalances between the various body compartments (fat, muscle, bone, water).

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of patients living with obesity and hospitalized in the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh. Data were collected from medical records. Body composition assessment was performed by an analyzer using bioelectrical impedanceanalysis (BIA) technology.

Results: Over two years, 70 patients were hospitalized in our center and benefited from impedance analysis. Their mean age was 46.9±14.6 years (14-77 years), with a large female predominance (94.3%). The mean BMI in our series was 45.3±6.9 kg/m² (30.1-60.5 Kg/m²). Moderate obesity (BMI:30.0-34.9 kg/m²) was found in 21.4% of patients; severe obesity (BMI:35.0-39.9 kg/m²) in 37.1%; and morbid obesity (BMI>40 kg/m²) was noted in 41.4%. The mean percentage of body fat mass was 43.8±6.9%. The mean percentages of lean body mass and body muscle mass were 57±6.3% and 52.5±7% respectively. Mean percentages of total body water and bone mass were 41.1±3.8% and 2.8±0.3% respectively. The mean basal metabolic rate was 1711±230.2 Kcal/day and the mean metabolic age was 61±12.8 years. Forty-nine patients had a glucose metabolism disorder, i.e. 70% of our series, of whom 47.1% had diabetes and 22.9% pre-diabetes. Fourteen patients had a lipid metabolism disorder, i.e. 20% of our series, of whom 15.7% had pure hypercholesterolemia, 2.9% hypertriglyceridemia and 1.4% mixed dyslipidemia. Twenty two patients had arterial hypertension, i.e. 31.4% of our series. In our study, linear regression analysis showed that the increase in fat mass percentage correlated statistically significantly with the increase in BMI (P value < 0.001) and the decrease in muscle mass (P value = 0.003). On the other hand, we found no significant association between BMI or fat mass percentage with the presence of a glucolipid metabolic disorder or hypertension.

Conclusion: Individuals with obesity do not have the same body composition profile nor the same metabolic risks. A detailed analysis of these parameters would not only help to characterize obesity (type and metabolic status), but also to guide therapeutic strategies for tailored and personalized management.