Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT2173

Background: Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain its shape and structural integrity. Bone remodeling, essential for maintaining bone health, involves the resorption of mineralized bone by osteoclasts, followed by the formation of new bone matrix by osteoblasts, which is subsequently mineralized. Various factors, including diet, influence this process.

Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different dietary patterns on bone health in mouse models. We fed mice for 16 and 20 weeks with normal diet (ND16w, ND20w) or Western diet (WD16w, WD20w), and for 20 weeks with combinations of normal diet + Western diet (ND20w + WD20w), normal diet + ketogenic diet (KD) (ND20w + KD20w) or Western diet + KD (WD20w+ KD20w).

Results: Micro-computed tomographical analysis of trabecular region of femoral bones showed that mice fed WD20w + KD20w had a decrease in bone volume to tissue volume ratio (BV/TV%) and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) compared to mice fed only with western diet (WD20w) (P-values: 0. 04 and 0. 039, respectively). In cortical bone, a significant decrease in cortical thickness (Ct. Th%) comparing mice fed WD16w or WD20w with those fed ND16w or ND20w was observed (P= 0. 049 and P = 0. 0039, respectively). Interestingly, mice fed WD20w showed a significant decrease in Ct. Th% compared to mice fed the combined WD20w + ND20w (P = 0. 0011). Furthermore, mice fed the combined WD20w + KD20w diet showed a significant decrease in Ct. Th% with respect to mice fed the combined WD20w + ND20w diet (P = 0. 0018). An increase in the number of osteoclasts was observed in the trabecular bone in mice fed ND20w + KD20w vs ND20 (P = 0. 020), or WD20w + KD20w vs WD20w (P = 0. 028). In addition, the number of osteoblasts decreased significantly comparing ND + KD20w vs ND20w (P = 0. 041), as well as ND20w + KD20w vs WD20w + ND20w (P = 0. 020). An increase of osteoblast’s number in mice fed WD20w + ND20w combined diet vs WD20w was observed (P = 0. 019).

Conclusions: The ketogenic diet causes an alteration of bone remodeling by shifting it towards an increase in the number of osteoclasts and a reduction in osteoblasts. The combination of the normal diet and the Western diet reduces the detrimental effects on bone of the Western diet alone.