Levels of antioxidants and oxidizing agents in patients with different types of diabetes mellitus - a serum biomarker assessment

Petros Papalexis; Maria Trapali; Stavroula-Panagiota Londou; Asimenia Pitsini; Eleni Mastrogiannakou; Athina Karampela; Vasiliki Siampanopoulou; Alexandros Lafioniatis; Petros Karkalousos; Nikolaos Tentolouris; Anna Angelousi

doi:10.1530/endoabs.110.P395

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Endocrine Abstracts (2025) 110 P395 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.110.P395

ECEESPE2025 Poster Presentations Diabetes and Insulin (143 abstracts)

Levels of antioxidants and oxidizing agents in patients with different types of diabetes mellitus – a serum biomarker assessment

Petros Papalexis ¹ , 2 , Maria Trapali ² , Stavroula-Panagiota Londou ³ , 4 , Asimenia Pitsini ² , Eleni Mastrogiannakou ² , Athina Karampela ¹ , Vasiliki Siampanopoulou ¹ , Alexandros Lafioniatis ¹ , Petros Karkalousos ² , Nikolaos Tentolouris ⁵ & Anna Angelousi ¹

Author affiliations

¹Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens, Greece; ²Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Athens, Greece; ³Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Internal Medicine, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens, Greece; ⁴Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens, Greece; ⁵Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Laikon” General Hospital, Athens, Greece

JOINT3696

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress by assessing lipid peroxidation through the thiobarbituric acid reaction with malondialdehyde (MDA) and the plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Correlations with other biomarkers were examined.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 67 individuals, categorized into three groups: type 1 DM (n = 21), type 2 DM (n = 32), and non-DM controls (n = 14) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), defined according to the 2022 American Diabetes Association guidelines. The MDA index was determined photometrically by measuring lipid peroxidation at 530 nm. Plasma FRAP levels were assessed based on the reduction of the Fe³⁺-TPTZ complex to Fe²⁺-TPTZ, measured at 593 nm. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software, version 26.

Results: The study included 67 participants: non-DM (n = 14, 20. 9%), type 1 DM (n = 21, 31. 3%), and type 2 DM (n = 32, 47. 8%). The median age (min-max) in years was 41 (21–44) for non-DM, 47 (19–64) for type 1 DM patients and 43. 50 (21–66) for type 2 DM patients. Median BMI (min-max) in kg/m² was significantly higher in type 2 DM: 26 (21. 50–31. 60) compared to non-DM: 23. 50 (21. 30–26. 00), p < 0. 001 and type 1 DM: 25. 1 (17. 70–32. 70), P = 0. 001. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly higher in patients with DM (Type 1: 7. 20%, 6. 30–11. 40; Type 2: 9. 70%, 5. 40–14. 00) compared to non-diabetics (5. 20%, 4. 90–5. 50, p < 0. 001). Triglycerides levels were significantly elevated in type 2 DM (89. 00 mg/dL, 72. 00–106. 00) compared to non-DM (61. 00 mg/dL, 56. 00–231. 00, p < 0. 001). No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), or thiobarbituric acid (TBA)/malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between FRAP and triglycerides in type 1 DM (r = 0. 600, P = 0. 011) and between CRP and FRAP in type 2 DM (r = 0. 380, P = 0. 042).

Conclusion: Significant correlations between FRAP and triglycerides in type 1 DM and between CRP and FRAP in type 2 DM highlight the role of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in diabetes progression. Monitoring oxidative stress markers alongside metabolic parameters may enhance our understanding of diabetes-related complications, aiding in targeted interventions.