Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT2286

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic profile of adults with Down syndrome (DS) using novel anthropometric and metabolic indices, highlighting the limitations of conventional obesity assessment methods, such as BMI, in this population compared to healthy controls.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 22 adults with DS and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements, including BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), were recorded along with novel indices like the Body Adiposity Index (BAI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Metabolic parameters, including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profiles, and HOMA-IR, were measured. CBC-derived inflammation indices neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-hemoglobin ratio (MHR), neutrophil-to- hemoglobin ratio (NHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL ratio (LHR), platelet -to-hemoglobin ratio (PHR), systemic ımmune-ınflammation ındex (SII), aggregate ındex of systemic ınflammation (AISI), systemic ınflammatory responseındex(SIRI) were analyzed. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined per IDF 2005 criteria. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and correlations between indices and metabolic markers.

Results: Individuals with DS exhibited higher WHtR (p <0.001) and shorter stature (p <0.001) than controls, despite similar BMI levels. The MetS prevalence was lower in the DS group (9.09%) than in controls (21.4%; P = 0.001), even with higher abdominal obesity rates. Lipid and glucose profiles were better in DS individuals with abdominal obesity compared to controls, but differences were not statistically significant. WHtR correlated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and blood pressure in DS, whereas BMI showed limited correlations with metabolic markers. The VAI values were similar between groups (P = 0.96), while the BAI (p <0.001) and ABSI (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the DS group. Within DS, BAI was higher in women than men (P = 0.001), while VAI and ABSI did not differ by gender. Among CBC-derived indices, only PLR was significantly elevated in the DS group (P = 0.038). VAI correlated with WC, TG, TG/HDL ratio, and inversely with HDL cholesterol, while BAI correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and WC.

Conclusion: This study highlights the distinct metabolic and inflammatory profiles of individuals with DS, emphasizing the limitations of BMI and the utility of novel metabolic and anthropometric indices. These findings underscore the need for population-specific assessments and tailored methods to improve metabolic risk evaluations in DS.