Proteomics-based identification of novel biomarkers for assessing severity and predicting recurrence in graves

Geriolda Topi; Tereza Planck

doi:10.1530/endoabs.110.RC11.3

RC11.3

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Endocrine Abstracts (2025) 110 RC11.3 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.110.RC11.3

ECEESPE2025 Rapid Communications Rapid Communications 11: Thyroid Part 1 (6 abstracts)

Proteomics-based identification of novel biomarkers for assessing severity and predicting recurrence in graves’ thyrotoxicosis

Geriolda Topi ^1,2 & Tereza Planck ¹

Author affiliations

¹Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden; ²Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Dep of Endocrinology, Malmö

JOINT2350

Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, primarily assessed by TSH-receptor-stimulating antibodies (TRAb). However, TRAb variations (blocking or neutral) can lead to misjudgments in disease severity and treatment duration. This study aims to identify novel biomarkers for GD severity and recurrence using proteomics analysis of blood samples.

Methods: We analyzed 121 plasma samples from 63 patients diagnosed with GD (first-time or recurrent after ≥2 years remission) between March 2019 and June 2023 at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. Proteomics analysis was performed at baseline, 3- and 12-months post-antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment.

Results: A total of 758 proteins were identified. Independent of GD severity and recurrence status, the following proteins were significantly upregulated at 3 and 12 months post-treatment: SERPINA7 (Thyroxine-binding globulin, TBG) – a key thyroid hormone transport protein; Transthyretin (TTR) – essential for thyroid hormone and vitamin A transport; Apolipoprotein D (APOD) – involved in lipid transport; Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein (APMAP) – associated with metabolic processes. Conversely, significantly downregulated proteins at 3 and 12 months included: Cadherin 5 (CDH5) – vital for endothelial cell adhesion; Factor H-related protein 5 (FHR5) – regulator of the complement immune system; Coagulation Factor XIII B chain (F13B) – a key component in blood coagulation; Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) – regulates sex hormone bioavailability.

Conclusion: Proteomics analysis identified significant protein alterations post-ATD treatment in GD patients. Upregulated proteins are linked to hormone transport and metabolism, while downregulated proteins are associated with vascular integrity, immune regulation, and hormone bioavailability. These findings suggest potential biomarkers for monitoring GD progression and treatment response, warranting further validation.