Endocrine Abstracts

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Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT) has only recently become an emerging topic in both medical and basic research. As secretory cells found either packed or scattered within the BM, these adipocytes are likely contributors to haematopoiesis- or bone- related diseases. Indeed, clinical studies have consistently reported that BMAT amount is associated with bone loss in diverse types of osteoporosis such as that of ageing, post-menopause and anorexia nervosa. Since BM adipocytes an...

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) is the most important acute side effect of insulin and insulin secretagogue therapies for diabetes mellitus. The initial response to a threat to the circulating glucose concentration is cessation of endogenous insulin and stimulation of pancreatic glucagon release – neither of which happen in insulin deficient diabetes. Patients with diabetes depend on other autonomic and most importantly symptomatic responses to defend against falls in b...

Kisspeptin is an undisputed regulator of sexual maturation and reproductive function across mammalian species. Mutations in human patients in either kisspeptin and/or its receptor are rare in number but prismatic in scope and have led to unique genotype/phenotype and structure/function correlations. Mice with targeted deletions of either kisspeptin or its receptor have also contributed greatly to our understanding of the physiology underlying this critical pathway in reproduct...

The complications of endocrine-metabolic disorders among women of reproductive age, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), are cascade of events leading to cardiovascular diseases, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma that often necessitates organ transplant. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been shown to be protective against metabolic assaults. However, its role in hepatic glucolipid regulation...

Case: A 21 year old gentleman presented to endocrine clinic with failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics. He had no growth since age 16, nor any change in voice, body hair or muscle or genital growth. Examination was in keeping with pubertal staging Tanner stage II. His right testicular volume was 5ml and left testicular volume 4ml. He had normal sense of smell. Investigations demonstrated low testosterone at 1.6 nmol/l (10-30). Results showed hypogonadotropic hypo...

The specialist weight management service (SWMS) is a tier 3 service offered to patients who meet a criterion of raised BMI with or without comorbidities. It is a multi-disciplinary service made up of physician, GPwSI, dietitians, physiotherapist, psychologists and health trainers. Approximately 40% of the patient within the service has type 2 diabetes. As part of a quality improvement pilot study a diabetes specialist nurse was introduced to the team. Patients were seen in an ...

47 year old gentleman referred to Neurosurgery Department with incidental findings of pituitary macroadenoma with chiasmal compression and cavernous sinus involvement, whilst getting investigated for tinnitus. His past medical history included chronic migraines only. He has been experiencing increased frequency of migraines along with lethargy, decreased libido and loss of morning erections for some time prior to presentation. His formal visual fields showed a slight inferior ...

Introduction: Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a role in calciotropic processes by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. Activating mutation of the CaSR, with heterozygous gain in function, causes autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia 1 (ADH1), a rare disorder with a prevalence of 3.9 per 100,000. Aggressive treatment to normalise serum calcium causes nephrocalcinosis and hypercalcaemia. We present a case of a 27-year-old female with CaSR muta...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive event that is delineated by endocrine and metabolic disorders. Alteration of kisspeptin status in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue is critical to increased endocrine/metabolic derangements in PCOS individuals, aggravating the clinical manifestation of PCOS and its complications. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial modulators of metabolic homeostasis. However, the role of SCFAs, in particular, ace...