Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Patients receiving triazole antifungals can present with hypertension and hypokalaemia. These drugs are reported to cause variable inhibition of the steroidogenic enzymes 11β hydroxylase and 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2). The ensuing clinical picture is similar to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency or apparent mineralocorticoid excess (11βHSD2 deficiency), with posaconazole and itracon...

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs 1 in 3,000-4,000 live-births. The causes of CH can be divided into two groups: thyroid developmental defects (thyroid dysgenesis) and inborn errors of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Although mutations in paired box gene 8 (PAX8) usually cause thyroid dysgenesis, they have been reported in association with eutopic thyroid gland without function. PAX8 has been described to have a role in regulating the expres...

Introduction: Addison’s disease (AD) is a rare endocrine disorder in children, characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone due to adrenal gland dysfunction. While electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, can occur in AD, severe hyponatremia is an unusual and challenging complication in children. We present a case of severe hyponatremia in a teenager diagnosed with AD.Case report...

Introduction: Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) is a key transcription factor required both for normal fetal thyroid development and maintenance of the differentiated thyroid phenotype, mediating transcriptional activation of SLC5A5, TG, and TPO, and synergizing with NKX2-1 at the TG promoter. Heterozygous PAX8 mutations are a rare but well-recognized cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD), and are classically associated with thyroid hypoplasia. However,...

Introduction: Pituitary inflammation (Hypophysitis) is rare in paediatric population and usually results in pituitary enlargement and hypopituitarism. Hypophysitis can be either primary (most commonly lymphocytic, granulomatous or xanthomatous disease) or secondary (consequent to systemic diseases, immunotherapy or alternative sella-based pathologies). We describe the clinical presentation and management of apparent primary lymphocytic hypophysitis in an adolescent girl. Case ...