Endocrine Abstracts

Bone remodelling is regulated by many endogenous factors, with recent attention on the pivotal role of gut-derived peptide hormones in this regard. Indeed, a gut-bone axis has now been described, that is coordinated largely by the secretion and action of intestinal-derived peptide hormones. In addition to this, obesity and diabetes are highly prevalent metabolic disorders that negatively affect health, and there is now a clear link between these diseases and impaired bone heal...

Glucagon receptor KO mice are resistant to the clinical manifestations of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and retain normal glycaemic control and glucose tolerance. In the present study the effects of chronic (18 days) once daily i.p. administration of two different glucagon receptor antagonists (GRA); desHis1Pro4Glu9-glucagon (GRA-1) and its related acylated peptide desHis1Pro4Glu9(Lys12PAL)...

Incretin mimetics, alongside associated hybrid co-agonist peptides, which activate GLP-1 and other receptors are leading the way to more effective therapeutic options for management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The adipokine apelin, which activates the APJ receptor, has shown anti-diabetic and obesity related therapeutic utility following pre-clinical testing. The present study investigated several novel hybrid co-agonist peptides, derived from exendin-linker-apelin (ELA) a...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), are key products of the L-cell proglucagon-gene with diverse effects on metabolism. Whereas GLP-1 has been extensively studied, much less attention has been devoted to GLP-2. The current study directly compares the impact of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on pancreatic beta-cell function and turnover in vitro, as well as the effects on glucose tolerance and appetite suppression in mice.<p class="abs...

Incretin mimetics and associated hybrid co-agonist peptides remain a driving force in improving metabolic control and managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. Additionally, the adipokine apelin which targets the APJ receptor, has displayed positive anti-diabetic and obesity effects in pre-clinical trials. To harness these beneficial effects, two novel dual-agonist unimolecular peptides were developed based on the amino acid sequence of GLP-1 and apelin and named Exendin-Linker-Ap...

Background: Pregnancy induces pancreatic islet β-cell mass expansion, but the exact mechanisms responsible remain unclear. It is nevertheless believed that disturbances in the process contribute to the development of gestational diabetes. The current study investigates the impact of pregnancy and cafeteria diet on islet morphology, cellular proliferation/apoptosis as well as endocrine cell lineage plasticity. Methods: Non-pregnant and pregnant Ins<e...