Endocrine Abstracts

Hypogonadism is a common finding in men with metabolic syndrome (MS) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) which adversely affects quality of life, is associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and a greater risk of mortality. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in pilot studies has beneficial effects on waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance, glycaemic control, lipid and inflammatory profiles.Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal metabol...

Objectives: The over-recruitment and activation of leukocytes characteristic of early atherosclerosis is considered the driving force behind atheroma development and is regulated by the concerted activities of several cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules surrounding a lipid core. Low serum testosterone levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in men and clinical trials demonstrate that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves symptoms and reduces the in...

Context: Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in men are associated with low testosterone levels. Leptin is produced in adipose tissue in proportion to obesity and is known to be negatively associated with testosterone in men. The shared association of testosterone and leptin with obesity is in line with the proposed adipocytokine–hypogonadal–obesity cycle which aims to explain the relationships between these variables.Methods: We inves...

Low testosterone levels are a common in men with coronary artery disease and Type 2 diabetes (DM2). Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in men with diabetes and improves numerous other cardiovascular risk factors. Interest in testosterone as a potential treatment for cardiovascular disease continues to grow. Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are recognised as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and comprise part of the met...

Men with Type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of low testosterone levels. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in men with Type 2 diabetes. TRT also reduces fat mass and central obesity. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism length (AR CAG) correlates positively with transcriptional activity of the receptor as well as body fat, and insulin levels in healthy men. Most studies have not found an assoc...

Testosterone deficiency increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Testosterone replacement (TRT) improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control and cholesterol in hypogonadal men. Liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear receptor which regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. LXR agonists protect against atherosclerosis but cause hepatic steatosis. We have previously shown that TRT protects against hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed...

Objectives: Testosterone deficiency is common in obese men with type 2 diabetes. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control and cholesterol in hypogonadal men, and TRT reduces body fat mass. Adipose tissue plays a major role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity through the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. There are functional differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. This study investigates the...

Objectives: A clinical feature of insulin resistance is the development of fatty liver (hepatic steatosis). Testosterone deficiency is common in men with type-2 diabetes and is associated with insulin resistance. The testicular feminised mouse (Tfm) exhibits a non-functional androgen receptor (AR) and low circulating testosterone. We have previously shown that a high-cholesterol diet promotes hepatic steatosis in Tfm mice, and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) attenuates ...

Objectives: Symptomatic hypogonadism is common in obese men with type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and is now an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves cholesterol metabolism in hypogonadal men with T2DM and/or MetS. We have previously shown that a non-functional androgen receptor (AR) and low levels of circulating testosterone in the testicular feminised (Tfm) mouse is associated with elevated ch...

There are controversial data on the beneficial/detrimental effects on the cardiovascular as well as on the metabolic system by the sex hormone testosterone. Recent data support the hypothesis that low levels of androgens are associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors including an atherogenic lipid profile, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. AMPK is a sensor of energy balance at both the cellular and whole-body level. Once activated by low energy status, it ...