Endocrine Abstracts

Objectives: Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and excessively secrete catecholamines, which leads to a multitude of different symptoms. The most common symptoms include headaches, palpitations and sweating. Because of a diverse clinical picture, they pose a major challenge in diagnostics and often go unidentified. The diagnosis is confirmed by measuring plasma and 24-hour urinary metanephrine and normetan...

Introduction: Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare congenital form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) associated with anosmia, that occurs with an incidence of 1:48,000 (1:30,000 males). Multiple separate pituitary adenomas are also rare, identified in only 0.7 % of pituitary adenoma cases.Case Presentation: A male Caucasian patient presented with absent puberty, small testicles (1 ml), microphalus, osteopenia and anosmia at age 15. Endocrine assessment c...

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune diseases, most commonly autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease.Objectives: To examine the frequency of individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in people with T1DM and associated autoimmune (AI) diseases of the thyroid, digestive system, and skin, and ...

Aim of the Study: The main objectives were to examine the incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in postmenopausal women and to determine the differences in lipid profile considering age, duration of menopause and body mass index in postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: The research was structured as a cross-sectional research with historical data. The research used data collected during regular check-ups in primary health care clinics in the Osijek Heal...

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that can secrete variety of hormones, including ACTH. Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion is a rare complication of medullary thyroid cancer, usually accociated with metastatic disease. Around 50 percent of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and ectopic Cushing syndrome die due to complications of hypercortisolism. Based on the aforementioned, efficient management of hypercortisolism is cr...

Background: The pathogenesis, biologic behavior, and treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are different. The diagnosis relies on multiple factors, but pathologic assessment is crucial. Based on currently available diagnostic criteria, the distinction between NET G3 and NEC are made on morphologic assessment, without taking Ki-67 proliferative index into consideration. This study looks at the conc...