Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) consists of hypercalcemia, renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis as a result of ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali. Daily elemental calcium intake of no more than 2 g is considered safe. However, even doses lower than 2 g daily may result in hypercalcemia if additional predisposing factors are present. Vulnerable patients because of vomiting, diuretic use, and deviant eating habits. In these susceptible patient...

Background: Glucokinase (GCK) is a gene which plays an important role in recognising how high the blood glucose is in the body. It acts as the glucose sensor for the pancreas. Changes in the GCK gene can lead to increases in blood glucose and affected people may be diagnosed with diabetes although this rise in blood glucose is mild and does not need treatment. Glucokinase diabetes is one of familial diabetes types that called MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young). We rep...

Introduction: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had issued warnings on the increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and Fournier’s gangrene with patients using Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Herein, we report a case of simultaneous Fournier’s gangrene and diabetic ketoacidosis after initiation of treatment with Empagliflozin.Case Presentation: We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes on empagliflozin...

Introduction: With increasing prevalence of hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) remains the mainstay of treatment for male hypogonadism. Polycythaemia, the commonest reported side effect of TRT is often claimed to be less with transdermal preparations than intramuscular.Case history: A 48 years gentleman, initially presented in primary care with reduced libido, erectile dysfunction(ED), low energy levels. Early morning testosterone level...

Introduction: Alemtuzumab is humanized monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The 5year incidence of thyroid adverse events in phase-3 clinical trials is up-to 40.7%. In most cases, the thyroid dysfunction is mild and easily manageable. Hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves’ disease (GD) is more common. We describe a case of unusual thyroid dysfunction in a patient treated with Alemtuzumab.Case:...

Background: Enzalutamide is a next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, used as a daily oral agent, in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Its suppression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 enzyme has been reported in the literature, leading to hypertension through a relative increase in cortisol concentration at the level of the mineralocorticoid receptors. Enzalutamide is also known to be a potent inducer of drug metabolising enzymes (cyto...

Introduction: Sclerochoroidal calcification is an uncommon condition that classically manifests as multiple discrete yellow placoid lesions, often discovered as an incidental finding. It is ordinarily believed to be idiopathic, but is also associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. It is important that these patients are identified because of the systemic implications and treatable nature of these disorders.Case: 82 years old patient with history of Pr...

Introduction: This audit was undertaken to determine whether Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) management in the clinical setting is compliant with the nine standards set of the existing PHPT pathway in the City Hospital Sunderland Foundation Trust (CHSFT). PHPT pathway was developed in (CHSFT) to allow effective management and surgical referral for this common condition in line with available national and international guidelines.Methods: Data was retr...

Objective: Standard Cushing’s disease (CD) treatment is trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS). However, reported postoperative remission and relapse rates are variable. We have retrospectively analysed clinical outcomes of patients with CD undergoing TSS at our centre.Methods: Patients with CD currently under our long-term endocrine care were included. Diagnosis of CD was made following standard biochemical and radiological investigations. Post-operative r...