Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid hormones (TH) play a fundamental role in brain development. Changes on TH availability during pregnancy and early childhood can lead to neurological disorders. Accordingly, concerns are mounting that exposure to environmental compounds capable of interfering with TH action can disrupt neuronal development. Current approaches to categorize chemicals as thyroid hormone system disrupting chemicals (THSDC) are mainly based on determination of changes in circulating TH conc...

Recently, human cerebral organoids (hCOs) emerged as powerful three-dimensional in vitro models recapitulating key aspects of early human cerebral cortex development. Improved protocols for hCO generation from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) paved the way for new disease modeling approaches and enable multimodal analyses of perturbed neurogenesis resulting from manipulation of signaling pathways or gene function. These prospects prompted us to adopt this techno...

BackgroundDevelopment and application of novel drugs frequently fail due to adverse changes of TH-levels or thyroid histology in animal experiments. Such effects potentially arise from interference with thyroid gland function or key regulators of local thyroid hormone (TH) transport, metabolism and action. Deiodinases are key enzymes in TH in-/activation, with impact on development, cell differentiation and energy metabolism among other physiological pro...

Thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis depends on the coordination of several key events to maintain proper local TH signaling, including iodide uptake, hormone synthesis, metabolism, and elimination. The three isoenzymes, Deiodinases (DIO1-3), are essential components of hormone metabolism. They catalyze iodide release the outer and/or inner ring of TH structure to convert between their active and inactive forms. The activity of DIOs has been identified as an important endpoint reg...