Endocrine Abstracts

Giant prolactinomas are rare pituitary tumors, defined as adenomas greater than 4 cm, with extrasellar extension, presenting with PRL levels > 1000 ng/dl. Dopamine agonists (DA) are the first-line treatment. Most (90%) of giant prolactinomas occur in men.We describe two cases of giant prolactinoma. A 17 years man presented with frontal headache, gradual visual deficit, nausea and dizziness. MRI demonstrated a sellar tumor of 6.4 cm with extrasellar e...

Background: First-line therapy of ACTH-independent Cushing’s Syndrome (CS) is the resection of the underlying tumor in all cases. After surgical cure of CS, most patients develop transient secondary adrenal insufficiency with a variable time of recovery. Adrenal function testing can identify patients who may require glucocorticoid replacement.Methods: We reviewed 61 patients diagnosed with ACTH-independent CS excluding 6 with adrenocortical carcinom...

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), accounting for <1%, with an equal gender distribution and an average age of diagnosis in the fifth decade of life. The diagnosis of PHPT is based on the laboratory finding of high levels of immunoreactive PTH in the presence of severe hypercalcaemia. The only potentially curative treatment for PC is surgery. Early surgery is the most important factor for optimal outcome.<p cla...

Giant prolactinoma it’s a very rare tumor that due to its massive extension into surrounding structures can present more often with neurological complications such as visual defects, cranial nerve paresis or even hydrocephalus, unlike the classic prolactinoma presentation with amenorrhea, infertility and galactorrhea. On CT/MRI exams it can present as aggressive skull base tumor and its immunohistochemistry (IHC) may have common features with neuroendocrine neoplasms....

Introduction: Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital developmental anomaly affecting the pituitary gland. Characterized by a triad of features including a thin or absent pituitary stalk, adenohypophysis hypoplasia, and ectopic neurohypophysis on MRI, PSIS can lead to isolated or combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Symptoms may manifest at various life stages, with 70% of cases identified in childhood due to growth retardation. Notably, some patients ex...

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 6. Approximately 11 point mutations are responsible for over 90% of cases, with good genotype-phenotype correlations. Depending on the residual 21-hydroxylase activity, three distinct phenotypes (classic salt wasting – SW, classic simple virilising – SV and non-classic - NC) with 4 corresponding...