Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Parathyroid hyperplasia is the second cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PH), representing 15–20% of all cases. The scintigraphy with Tc-99m-Sestamibi is a preoperative exam used to identify parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia. It has a sensibility of 50–90%, which increases with larger parathyroid size. The neck ultrasonography (US) has also an important role detecting parathyroid enlarged glands with 70% sensibility. We report a case of parathyroid...

Introduction: Hirsutism is the presence of terminal hair growth in females with a male distribution pattern. It affects 5-15% of women, being an important sign of androgen excess. The main causes of hirsutism are polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic hyperandrogenism. Other significant but less frequent causes of hirsutism include nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), androgen-secreting tumors, and Cushing’s syndrome.Case repor...

Introduction: Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH) represents <2% of causes of Cushing’s Syndrome (CS). Clinical course is insidious, with adrenal bilateral macronodules and gradual cortisol excess, only rarely presenting with overt CS. The pathophysiology remains unclear, however, hyperactivation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, in 77-87% of cases through aberrantly expressed G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been described. Despite being a benig...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by parathyroid hormone (PTH) overproduction, causing hypercalcemia. The most common cause is a parathyroid adenoma. PHPT most frequently presents as asymptomatic hypercalcemia or with nonspecific symptoms. Less frequently, it presents with the classical manifestations of bone disease and nephrolithiasis. Acute pancreatitis (AP) as the initial manifestation of PHPT has been reported rarely. Hypercalcemia can caus...

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is a possible complication of thyroid surgery, usually assumed in the context of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. On the other hand, Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a complication classically described after surgical correction of primary hyperparathyroidism. It is characterized by hypocalcemia with normal or elevated PTH values (usually accompanied by hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia) and occurs consequently to a compensatory bone formation after a p...

Introduction: POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma-proliferative disorder and skin changes. Different endocrinopathies are found in 58-80% of patients, however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. Hypogonadism (primary and secondary) is the most common endocrinopathy (79% of patients), with other abnormalities including hyperprolactinemia (56%), primary hypothyroidism (54%), abnormal glu...

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism treatment is aimed to achieve a serum calcium at the lower limit of normal providing symptom resolution and preventing complications such as urolithiasis and renal impairment. Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) incidence has been gradually rising associated with the increase of calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation. The classic triad is characterized by metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia and renal failure.Case report: A...