Endocrine Abstracts

Background and aim: Loss-of-function mutations in TRMT10A, a transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferase, cause early onset diabetes and microcephaly. tRNAs play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and post-transcriptional modifications modulate tRNA function and fragmentation. tRNA-derived halves (tiRNAs, 29-50 nt) and fragments (tRFs, 14-30 nt) are a new class of functional small noncoding RNAs, involved in cellular stress responses. Here we set out to investigate the ...

Aim: IFNα is a key regulator of the initial dialogue between pancreatic β-cells and the immune system in type 1 diabetes (T1D). IFNα induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, insulitis and a massive HLA-ABC overexpression in human β-cells, three histological hallmarks of T1D. Against this background we investigated the global role of IFNα on iPSC-derived islet-like cells, used here to mimic islet cells in the early neonatal period when autoimmunity ag...

Fat accumulation, lipogenesis and glycolysis are key contributors to hepatocyte metabolic reprogramming and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic liver fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms affected by steatosis and inflammation in the obese state remain unknown. Here we report that obesity leads to dysregulated expression of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in human livers. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Kappa (PTPRK) levels were increased in hepatocytes by st...