Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder seen in clinical practice. Even mild hyponatraemia can lead to gait disturbances and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly.Case history: A 83-year-old lady presented to acute admission unit with worsening of confusion. Her background medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for which she is on inhalers. She was also having hyponatraemia for the last 3 years manifesting...

Case history: A 54-year-old lady was diagnosed with primary hypoparathyroidism in 2006, after being referred by her Rheumatologist as her father and brother had familial hypoparathyroidism and sensorineural deafness. She was followed up in endocrine clinic for management of primary hypoparathyroidism. Her hypocalcaemia is well managed with calcium supplementation, with no specific symptoms of hypocalcaemia. She has recurrent urinary tract infections with known borderline chro...

Background: We used Mendelian randomization and machine learning (gradient boosting) to assess the causal association of Type 2 Diabetes with osteoporosis.Methods: We selected 155 SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes and glycaemic and insulin-related traits reported in previous studies (1,2) and studied the association with Heel bone mineral density (BMD)) (n= 4 72 996) and risk of fragility fractures (26 157 cases and 17 807 controls) in UKBiob...

Context: Exogenous oestrogen administration causes prolactinoma formation in rats and there are anecdotal reports of oestrogen treatment and prolactinoma formation in gender reassignment males to females. It remains unclear whether chronic exposure to high dose oestrogen in women is linked with prolactinoma development.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high dose subcutaneous estrogen on prolactin and gonadotrophin levels of 101 wo...

Functioning adrenal masses are often a diagnostic challenge and can present with unusual symptoms. We describe a case of a 37-year-old male with a background of ulcerative colitis, who presented with gynecomastia in the breast clinic. His serumbiochemistry showed persistently elevated Oestradiol and prolactin, with low testosterone and FSH. On physical examination, he had marked breast tenderness, bilateral gynecomastia and no signs of steroid excess. He reported a decline in ...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is believed to be a primeval condition with the earliest hints of its existence found in ancient Egyptian literature. Despite its negative impact on fertility, it has emerged as the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, creating what is called the PCOS paradox. We hypothesized that this phenomenon can be explained by testosterone-mediated high bone mineral density (BMD) in women with PCOS, providing a survival...

Case history: Adrenal masses are often a diagnostic challenge and can present with unusual symptoms. We describe a case of a 37-year-old male with a background of ulcerative colitis, who presented with bilateral gynecomastia in the breast clinic of, worsening over last one year. He had marked breast tenderness, a decline in his libido but no erectile dysfunction. There was no history of recreational drug use.Investigations: His serum biochemistry showed ...

A 30-year-old teacher with no past medical history presented with a 3 month history of muscle weakness, pain and spasms together with cold intolerance, weight gain and fatigue. She had a baby 4 months prior to this and 2 months after delivery noticed palpitations, insomnia and tiredness which resolved spontaneously. She was a non-smoker who did not consume alcohol. She was not on any medication. There was no family history of endocrinopathy. Clinical examination revealed proxi...

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a novel class of small noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules 18–24 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. There is increasing evidence of their importance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with their differential expression depending on obesity. There is recent evidence that miRNA-93 and mi-RNA-223 may have a role to play in the modulation of insulin resistance, through GLUT4 modulation in...

Background: Insulin, derived from a single chain precursor pro-insulin, is cleaved by convertases to form insulin (t1/2 – 4 min) and C-peptide (t1/2 – 30 min). The ratio of insulin to C-peptide levels, which is usually less than one, is reversed in presence of exogenous insulin and insulin autoimmune syndrome. We present the significance of insulin-C-peptide ratio (ICR) in the diagnostic algorithm for the investigation of endogenous hyperinsulinaemia.<p class="ab...