Endocrine Abstracts

The classification and nomenclature of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is complex, can be confusing and has undergone major changes over the last three decades, as illustrated by the evolution in classification of GEP-NENs by the WHO. The 4th edition of the WHO’s classification of GEP-NENs was published in 2010. This edition is currently in use for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm (GI-NEN) classification. The WHO 2010 classification introduced a strict ...

Background: Asian has higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease as compared to Caucasian. No study to date has evaluated whether multifactorial intervention was associated with remission of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic Asian population. We evaluated the effect of tightly controlling multiple factors on the remission of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic Chinese with microalbuminuria.Materials and methods: A total o...

Introduction: Many endocrinopathies such as acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome (CS), pheomochromocytom and lipodystrophia can be associated with insülin resistance and unregulated diabetes mellitus (DM).Case report: A 37 –year- and 2 months pregnant women admitted to our out patient clinic for regulation of hyperglycemia. On physical examination; Blood Pressure: 140/95 mmHg, Body Mass Index: 31 kg/m2, central obesity, acanthosis nig...

BackgroundPrimary aldosteronism (PA) affects 5-20% of all patients with hypertension, and is likely the most common treatable cause of hypertension. Patients with PA have higher risk of cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation and stroke. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PA in patients with recent stroke.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 300 patients who were admitted to the acute stroke unit of a si...

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with an aggressive prognosis of 1–2 people per million per year. They are functional tumors which mostly occur with virilization and/or Cushing syndrome. Metastatic ACC has a dismal prognosis and the most common sites of metastases are the lung, liver, lymph nodes and bones. Herein, we present metastatic ACC patient without Cushing clinic at the time of diagnosis.Case presentation: A 48-ye...

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of unknown primary (UP-NETs) represent up to 22% of NETs. Primary site identification enables patients to access appropriate treatment but is not always possible by immunohistochemistry or imaging. Given the epigenetic dysregulation of NETs, we aimed to use methylation array data to determine UP-NET tissue-of-origin. DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 76 pancreatic NET (PanNETs) (54 training and 22 validation samples) and 53 sma...

Background: Gastric neuroendocrine tumours (g-NETs) constitute about 7% of digestive NETs, with type 1 g-NETs, linked to chronic atrophic gastritis, accounting for 80% of cases. These tumours are generally small, low-grade, and exhibit excellent long-term survival rates. Increased endoscopy and awareness have raised their incidence, prompting interest in management strategies. Current guidelines recommend either endoscopic surveillance or resection for type 1 g-NETs <10 mm...

Background: Rectal neuroendocrine tumours (r-NETs) are the second most common neuroendocrine tumours in the digestive tract, with increasing incidence due to improved colonoscopy and cancer screening. These small, yellowish, low-grade lesions are often found incidentally during colonoscopies and generally have a favourable prognosis, with median survival sometimes exceeding 30 years. However, up to 20% of r-NETs may be misdiagnosed during endoscopy, risking inadequate treatmen...

Background: Immunotherapy is currently being explored in many tumour types with encouraging results, but has not yet been evaluated in neuroendocrine tumours (NET). Our aim is to characterise the immune landscape of NET and determine which immune-modulatory pathways control the tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in order to develop a rational approach for immunotherapy in this tumour type.Methods: Peripheral blood and fresh tissue was obtained from c...

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are potentially malignant lesions originating from the enterochromaffin cells of the GI tract. These neoplasms often produce characteristic hormonal syndromes and can cause debilitating symptoms. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-established, complex, endoscopic technique, which allows for full resection of the mucosal and submucosal lesions without the need for open surgery.M...