Endocrine Abstracts

cAMP/PKA pathway activation is frequently involved in endocrine tumors with overactivity. The Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome which associates cardiac myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. Mutations in the PRKAR1A gene located at 17q22-24 and encoding for the R1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A have been found in about 60% of CNC. These mutations are heterozygous germline mutations leading to ab...

Introduction: The inactivating mutations of the Carney complex gene PRKAR1A (regulatory subunit RIA of PKA) cause bilateral adrenocortical tumors (PPNAD: Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocorticel disease) over-secreting cortisol. This leads to stimulation of PKA activity, however the mechanisms of adrenal tumorigenesis and cortisol dysregulation are not fully understood. In order to identify target genes of PRKAR1A inactivation in adrenal cortex we undertook a comparat...

Introduction: Insulinoma is the most frequent functional endocrine tumor of the pancreas but remains rare with an incidence of less than 5 cases by million and by year. It is often sporadic but can occur in the context of MEN1 in about 5% of cases, being then readily multiple. Clinically, it is typically responsible for fasting hypoglycemic episodes. Only one case of multiple insulinomas, with no obvious argument for MEN1 context, has previously been reported (Babic an al., <e...

BackgroundARMC5 is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH), a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome. The function of ARMC5 is poorly known, aside the fact that it regulates cell apoptosis and adrenal steroidogenesis in by mechanisms still unknown. Tumor suppressor genes play an important role in oxidative stress.MethodsIn this s...

Introduction: Bilateral macronodular adrenal disease (BMAD, former PBMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome. The few morphologic descriptions of BMAD mention multinodular hyperplastic adrenal glands composed of clear spongiocytic cells and fewer compact eosinophilic cells without any morphologic variation. The discovery of ARMC5 and KDM1A mutations argues for genetic heterogeneity. The aim of this work was to describe the morphological and immunohist...

Introduction: Bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease (BMAD) is an adrenal cause of Cushing’s syndrome explained in a subset of patients by inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes ARMC5 or KDM1A. Genetic and transcriptomic studies cluster BMAD in 3 distinct molecular groups: one with ARMC5 inactivation, one with KDM1A inactivation and a third group with no known genetic cause. Although ARMC5 and KDM1A are invo...

The most frequent molecular alteration in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) is the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is associated with poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma. Activating β-catenin mutation (p.S31, p.S37, p.S45, T.41) inhibiting its proteosomal degradation by the canonical destruction complex is responsible for its abnormal activation in roughly 30% of ACT. However, the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, SIAH1 is able to ubiquitinate β-caten...

ARMC5 is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for 20 to 40% of Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH) with a function that remains unclear. Based on pathway analysis from RNAseq results obtained on zebrafish models of transient Armc5 up- and down-regulation, we identified transcriptional alterations of several members of SIRT1 (sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1) signaling in our models and hypothesized that ARM...

Introduction: Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. It is characterized by the development of supracentimetric nodules resulting in increased adrenal volume and weight. Its presentation is clinically, radiologically and biologically heterogeneous. Morphological descriptions of PBMAH are rare. Although the initial description highlights that multinodular hyperplastic adrenal glands are made of a majority...

Introduction: Bilateral macronodular adrenal disease (BMAD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that can be caused by ARMC5 or KDM1A alterations. Indeed, a germline and somatic event leading to a bi-allelic inactivation of ARMC5 or KDM1A are responsible for 20 and 1% of BMAD cases, respectively. Genetic analysis identified three molecular groups: ARMC5, KDM1A and no genetic cause known to date. Although there is a high h...