Endocrine Abstracts

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the second most common subtype (15-43%) of all clinically presenting pituitary adenomas. Although the primary treatment of symptomatic NFPAs is surgery, gross total resection is achieved only in about 66% of the cases, and 20% of gross total resected tumours recur after 10 years. Despite recent advances in medical management of pituitary tumours, NFPAs remain the only subtype with no widely accepted pharmacological treatment. Expr...

Context: To diagnose and monitor GH-related disorders, serum IGF-I is a cornerstone, but Indian ethnicity based data, following consensus criteria for establishment of normative data are not available.Objectives: To generate normative IGF-I data for chronological age, bone age (BA) [Greulich & Pyle] and Tanner stage for both genders.Setting and Participants: We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study for children (age...

Context: Serum IGF-1 levels are of paramount importance for diagnosis and management of growth related disorders. The reference range of IGF- 1 should be ethnicity and Tanner specific. Indian data on the same is scarce and there is a need to develop the same.Objective: To develop age, sex and Tanner based normative reference range of serum IGF-1 level for Indian children and correlate the same with peri-pubertal hormonal parameters.<p class="abstext"...

Introduction: Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene predispose to growth hormone (GH, 90% of patients) or prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumours, with negligible number of patients with other pituitary tumour types. Animal models of acromegaly are scarce and Aip models have controversial data. Therefore we have generated two pituitary-specific Aip knockout mouse models to study the consequences of loss of AIP p...

Introduction: Heterozygous mutations in the AIP gene are associated with young-onset pituitary adenomas while homozygous loss of AIP in animal models is lethal. As early diagnosis could lead to better outcomes, family members of AIP mutation-positive patients need follow up. The R304Q variant is commonly described as pathogenic based on clinical assessment. However, it is also present in the general population (minor-allele-frequency (MAF) 0.0007&#15...

Introduction: Approximately 25% of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) cases arise in a familial setting, either as MEN2 or fMTC. While most of these are caused by mutations in the RET gene, a few families have unidentified mutations. Recently, a frameshift mutation in the ESR2 gene (coding oestrogen receptor beta) was found in a family with RET-negative fMTC associated with C-cell hyperplasia. In vitro, transfection of mutant ESR2 led t...

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression was found to be a good discriminator between malignant and benign adrenal tumours, but was mutated only in 3–10% of ACC cases.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of EGFR with targeted therapies, i.e. Erlotinib (with and without EGF stimulation) on ACC cell proliferatio...

Background: In patients with phaeochromocytoma, sudden and/or chronic exposure to catecholamines may predispose to cardiac pathology, including left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, stress-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We conducted the first prospective, multicentre study using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to describe the variety and incidence of cardiac abnormalities in phaeochromocytoma.Methods: Fifty ...

The islet-enriched transcription factor MAFA regulates the expression of genes critical to beta cell function and insulin secretion. We previously described anovel MAFA mutation (c.191C > T, p.S64F) causing familial insulinomatosis and diabetes mellitus, with male carriers more often developing diabetes and females more prone to insulinomatosis. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes are unclear. In this study, we assessed glucose metabolism an...

Introduction: Germline AIP and MEN1 mutations are the main known aetiologies of familial pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs), which represent 5% of all PitNETs. We compared the clinical and tumour characteristics of AIP (AIP mut) and MEN1 mutation-positive (MEN1 mut) PitNET patients.Methods: We retrospectively analysed 70 MEN1 mut and 167 AIP mut patients with PitNETs. MEN...