Endocrine Abstracts

Background: The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas has increased. The malignancy is determined by radiographic appearance and, secondly, by the size. Adenomas manifest a low attenuation on computed tomography (CT) (<10 Hounsfield Units(HU)).The cut-off point of 10 HU has been proposed to discriminate benign and malignant lesions.Objective: To determine if the cut-off point of 10 HU is useful in clinical practice to discriminate benign and malignant...

Background: Accurate early risk prediction for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) would target intervention and prevention in women at the highest risk. We evaluated maternal risk factors and parameters of body composition to develop a prediction model for GDM in early gestation.Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken. Pregnant women aged between 18–50 y of age with gestational age between 10–16 weeks were included in ...

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing problem worldwide. Post-natal-hypoglycaemia and excess-foetal-growth are known important metabolic complications of neonates born to women with diabetes. This retrospective-cohort-study aims to determine the influence of obesity and glucose-intolerance on neonatal-hypoglycaemia and birth-weight over the 90th percentile (LGA).Methods: Data were abstracted from 303 patient medical records f...

The health burden associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, continues to escalate. Not only is NAFLD associated with significant liver-specific and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but patients are at risk of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); a malignancy where the incidence continues to rise and there are very limited therapeutic strategies.Aldo-keto reductase ...

Background: Globally, birth-weights are increasing progressively. Birth-weights large for gestational age (LGA) defined as ≥90th centile are linked to increased delivery complications, and adiposity in the neonate. This has been linked to glucose intolerance and CVD later in life. Oversupply of nutrients in utero contribute to excess foetal growth, and maternal obesity may contribute to this rise. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between para...

Refeeding syndrome can be defined as the potentially fatal shift in fluids and electrolytes that may occur after the reintroduction of feeding after a period of starvation or fasting in malnourished patients. The hallmark characteristic of refeeding syndrome is hypophosphatemia. However, the syndrome is complex and may also feature abnormal sodium and fluid balance, changes in glucose, protein and fat metabolism, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and thiamine deficiency. The underly...

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome occurs in about 5–10% of all patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. We present the case of a 35 year old gentleman who presented with a six month history of progressive 16 kg weight gain and breathlessness. Pulmonary imaging revealed bilateral infiltrates suspicious for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Physical examination was concerning for Cushing’s syndrome, with facial plethora, easy bruisability and broa...

Introduction: Mauriac syndrome is characterized by delayed growth and development, obesity, hepatomegaly and elevated transaminases in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients who have poor glycaemic control. Usually recognized in adolescence, when growth failure and pubertal delay became notorious.Case report: A 19-year-old male was referred to the Endocrinology Department due to short stature. He was severely distressed about his stature and younger ap...

Introduction: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (HCL) is a rare granulomatous disease, unknown etiology, with a wide clinical spectrum. The pituitary is affected in 25% of cases, with diabetes insipidus being the earliest and most frequent feature. Although it is more common in pediatric age, it can also be developed by adults.Clinical case: A 39-year-old, caucasian, woman presents with polydipsia with 5L/day of water and an appetite for cold drinks, polyuri...

Introduction: The Quervain’s disease is an infrequent subacute thyroiditis (ST) that results in granulomatous infiltration of the gland’s parenchyma. Is usually diagnosed clinically based on cervical pain, systemic symptoms, altered thyroid function tests (TFTs) and history of upper respiratory tract infection. It is a benign self-limited condition that may share US features with malignancy which may result in improper therapy, including lobectomy.<p class="abs...