Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Barrett’s esophagus is metaplasia in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus. It is characterized by the replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The disease is often related to gastroesophageal reflux and patients have pain necessitating chronic usage of proton pump inhibitors. Proton pump inhibitors have been associated with the development of low bone mineral dens...

Objectives: Teprotumumab, an IGF1-receptor antagonist, has been shown in three clinical trials to markedly improve the clinical course of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) or Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) with significant improvements noted in inflammation, proptosis, and diplopia. Furthermore, compared to placebo moderate-to-large improvements were noted in the total, appearance (AP), and visual function (VF) as measured by EUGOGO GO quality of life (GO-QOL) scores after 24 weeks of ...

Background: Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by early-onset diabetes and optic atrophy as well as a variable spectrum of other endocrine and neurological conditions. It is caused by mutations in the WFS1 gene. Previous reports have documented a variable prevalence of hypogonadism (6.3% of the international EURO-WABB registry, 34% of a German cohort); however the only UK cohort reported was of 10 males, 7 of whom had primary gonadal atr...

It is over 17 years since the randomised controlled trial of metformin showed efficacy in childhood type 2 diabetes. Since that time, despite much investment in paediatric investigation plans, very few interventional clinical trials have reported. This presentation reviews the evidence for childhood type 2 diabetes being different to adult type 2 diabetes. Childhood type 2 diabetes is a more aggressive disease; children have lower insulin sensitivity than adults; and complicat...

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders of young women, and the commonest cause of reduced fertility in this age group. There are fundamental metabolic disturbances integral to the syndrome that lead to significant cardiovascular risk, and these include obesity, insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, a pro-coagulant state, and endothe...

3M syndrome is characterised by severe intra-uterine and post-natal growth failure. Patients have a characteristic triangular facial appearance and disproportionate short stature with tall vertebral bodies and over-tubulation of long bones. The condition bears some resemblance to the Russell Silver syndrome, but is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It has been proposed that heterozygous carriers demonstrate mild phenotypic manifestations of the condition.<p clas...

Background: Paediatric emergency departments saw an unusual increased incidence and severity of DKA in children with new onset diabetes in the COVID pandemic. The DIMPLES study (Diabetes Mellitus in children and young people presenting to the Emergency Department during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic) explored this using retrospective multicentre data from 49 EDs, providing a unique perspective of paediatric diabetes from the frontline.Methods: We compared the ...

For >50 years female cardioprotection was attributed to premenopausal endogenous estrogen levels. We describe here how cardioprotection is greatly reduced in the presence of diabetes and endogenous testosterone levels.Forty years ago we measured total and bioavailable testosterone (bioT), total and bioavailable estradiol, and SHBG in community-dwelling older men and women from the Rancho Bernardo Study, using organic solvent extraction and celite col...

Endometrial hyperplasia has been reported in up to 15% of transmen. For this reason the current clinical practice suggest that the uterus should be scanned every 2 years.This is the single centre retrospective audit study at the largest UK Gender Identity Clinic to examine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in transmen.Between 2006 and 2012. 200 patients having been maintained on testosterone therapy for 2 years, of those 108...