Endocrine Abstracts

For the past two decades, genetics has been widely explored as a tool for unravelling the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disorders. Many risk alleles for type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemia have been detected in recent years through massive genome-wide association studies and evidence exists that most of these variants influence pancreatic β-cell function. Investigations of more detailed physiological phenotypes, are now emerging and give indications of more specific pat...

Conflicting results of estimated average glucose (eAG) calculated from HbA1c and average glucose values (AG) derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are a very frequent source of confusion and frustrations in the dialogue with patients. Recently the term glucose management indicator (GMI) has been coined to describe HbA1c estimated from AG. The aim of this presentation is to elucidate the relation between calculated and estimated HbA1c and average glucose values on th...

The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) belongs to the family of seven trans-membrane (7TM) receptors, also referred to as G-protein coupled receptors. The AT1R is the primary effector of the renin–angiotensin system, and serves as a key regulator of cardiovascular physiology. The importance of the receptor is clearly illustrated be the frequent use of AT1R blockers and ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular medicine. Upon binding of Ang II th...

In males, peak bone mass as evaluated by DXA is reached at the age of 20–22 years and may be important for the risk of fracture later in life. DXA, however, only provides two-dimensional images and does not allow assessment of bone structure.We used HR-pQCT to assess trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia in a population based study including healthy male volunteers. Moreover, bone str...

The circulating levels of serum TSH and thyroid hormones represent biochemical phenotypes reflecting thyroid homeostasis. Studying the regulation of biochemical measures related to the thyroid in healthy individuals could prove essential in understanding the pathways that eventually lead to thyroid disease. It is the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors that give rise to these endophenotypes. It has been established that the measures reflecting thyroid homeosta...

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) comprise two clinical phenotypes, Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. These conditions share distinct immunological features such as autoreactivity against the key thyroid autoantigens thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. Considering Graves’ disease as well as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, twin studies have revealed a higher concordance rate among monozygotic (MZ) as compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins, suggesting a rela...

Background: A reduced injection force potentially makes it easier for patients to administer their injected medication.Objective and Hypotheses: This report compares dose force, dose accuracy and dose precision of two growth hormone injection devices: Norditropin® NordiFlex® (NF) (Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark) and Genotropin® GoQuick® (GQ) (Pfizer Inc, NY, USA).Methods: M...

Raised levels of IGF-I have been associated with risk of developing several cancers including breast carcinoma. In addition to promoting mitogenesis in breast cancer cells, a number of observations suggest a role for inhibition of apoptosis by IGF-I receptor activation. Ligand binding to IGF-IR leads to activation of both the phosphoinositide-3'-kinase (PI3K) and the Ras/Raf/MAPKinase pathways. Deprivation of serum growth factors induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells ...

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a post-prandially secreted gut hormone that acts upon the GIP-receptor (GIPR), to stimulate insulin secretion. Animal studies indicate that GIP influences bone remodelling, and in humans, GIP administration decreases levels of bone resorption markers. However, the mechanisms by which GIP influences resorption remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated how GIP (10nM) affects bone cell activity using primary human osteoclasts, hum...

ESE Young Investigator AwardBackground: It is still discussed if subclinical hyperthyroidism and ‘high-normal’ thyroid function are risk-factors for cardiovascular mortality.Objectives: To examine the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in relation to subclinical hyperthyroidism.Methods: Patients consulting their general practitioner from 2000 to 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark, who ...