Endocrine Abstracts

Macronodular adrenal hyperplasia refers to adrenal enlargement by large nodules that may be related to ACTH-dependent or ACTH-independent pathologies. The term Primary Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PMAH) was recently introduced to replace the term ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, since in some cases paracrine ACTH production may contribute to cortisol secretion, and also to encompass cases of unilateral macronodular hyperplasia. PMAH is a heterogeneous di...

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transports glucocorticoids in blood and is a serine protease inhibitor family member. Plasma CBG has a reactive center loop (RCL) structure that when cleaved by specific proteases, including neutrophil elastase, results in a loss of high affinity steroid-binding activity. Measurements of CBG levels are typically based on functional assays of its steroid-binding capacity or immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs)...

Background: Individuals with adrenal insufficiency (AI) receive life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement which often exceeds physiological daily GC production, with negative effects on cardiometabolic and bone health parameters.Objective: Assessment of cardiometabolic and bone health markers in postmenopausal females with AI in relation to the GC dose.Methods: We retrospectively collected 114 postmenopausal women with AI (37 with ...

Background: Individuals with adrenal insufficiency (AI) receive life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy (CGRT), which often exceeds normal daily physiological GC production, leading to detrimental effects on cardiometabolic parameters and bone health.Objective: Assessment of glucose, lipid and bone metabolism in AI postmenopausal patients in relation to the cause of AI and the CGRT dose.Methods: 114 AI postmenopausal wome...

Background/aim: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a relatively common endocrine disorder, which is often asymptomatic and thus diagnosed during routine biochemical testing. Emerging scientific data supports the theory that non-syndromic pHPT patients may be at increased risk for thyroid autoimmunity, metabolic disorders and malignancy.Materials and methods: A cohort of 227 pHPT (61 male and 166 female) and 244 non-pHPT (75 male and 169 female) patien...

Background and Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected the glycemic regulation of adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on glycemic control in T1D patients with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems.Methods: A cohort of adult T1D patients with CSII was retrospectively evaluated. Data regarding number visits to our diabetes clinics, total daily insulin dose (TDI...

Although the prevalence of subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) in unilateral incidentalomas (UI) has been extensively reported, patients with bilateral incidentalomas (BI) have not been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the management of BI poses great dilemmas if surgery is considered, since bilateral adrenalectomy leads to life-long replacement. In the present study, we aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with BI in comparison to their unilateral counterparts. W...

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompasses a group of enzymatic defects in cortisol biosynthesis resulting in adrenal hyperplasia through chronic compensatory ACTH stimulation. Aldosterone synthase deficiency, however, is associated with normal cortisol secretion and there are no reports on whether it may be associated with adrenocortical hyperplasia.Case Presentation: A 37-year-old, Greek female was referred for further investigation...

Introduction: Several markers based on anthropometric and biochemical parameters like fatty liver index (FLI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) index and visceral adiposity index (VAI), have been proposed for the detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of FLI, LAP and VAI as markers of NAFLD in premenopausal women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), assessed for hepatic steato...

Introduction: Visceral adiposity index (VAI), initially developed as an indicator of visceral adipose function for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk, has been also proposed for the detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the diagnostic performance of VAI as a marker of hepatic steatosis (HS) is still under investigation.Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of VAI as a marker of HS in a cohort of overweight and obese premenopau...