Endocrine Abstracts

GPR120 is a rhodopsin-like GPCR that has a high affinity for long-chain saturated fatty acids 14–18 carbons and unsaturated fatty acids 16–22 carbons. The beneficial effects of GPR120 on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis have recently been reported however its role in glucagon secretion is unknown. GPR120 and glucagon expression were examined by double immunohistochemical studies using a glucagon secreting cell line (α-TC1.9) and pancreatic tissue fro...

Traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and mode of action of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Euphorbiaceae) used traditionally for treatment of diabetes in India. E. officinalis aqueous extract stimulated basal insulin output and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concentration-dependently in the clonal pancreatic beta cell line, BRIN-BD...

Traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and mode of action of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (Combretacea) used traditionally for treatment of diabetes in India. Terminilia bellerica aqueous extract stimulated basal insulin output and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concentration-dependently in the clonal pancreatic beta cell line, BRI...

Background: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR55, a member of the endocannabinoid system, has gained significant interest as a treatment for diabetes. This study aimed to investigate GPR55 as a drug target using a novel GPR55-agonist, ML-184 (high selectivity EC50=0.26µM), and the downstream induction of signalling pathways.Methods: High-fat-fed (HFF) C57BL/6 mice were treated with a daily oral dose of ML-184 (0.1μmol/kg) alone or in combination wi...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), are key products of the L-cell proglucagon-gene with diverse effects on metabolism. Whereas GLP-1 has been extensively studied, much less attention has been devoted to GLP-2. The current study directly compares the impact of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on pancreatic beta-cell function and turnover in vitro, as well as the effects on glucose tolerance and appetite suppression in mice.<p class="abs...

Background/Aims: Emerging evidence suggests that gut hormones interact with the reproductive axis and impact fertility in females. Here we combine three major gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon (GCG) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), as a triple-agonist (TA) to elucidate its effects on female reproductive function.Methods: Female Swiss TO-mice (n = 6) on high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 18-weeks r...

Recent acute in vivo studies have shown that structural modifications of dogfish glucagon improves peptide stability and these analogues can act as dual agonists at both glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. Here, we compared the effects of chronic (51 days) twice daily administration of [D-Ala2]dogfish glucagon (Pep-N) and [D-Ala2]dogfish glucagon-exendin-4(31–39) construct (Pep-C), exendin-4(1–39) or saline treat...

Aim: Insulin-releasing effects and potential anti-diabetic actions of peptides isolated from the skin secretion of the African clawed frog, Xenopus amieti has been reported. However, peptides such as magainin-AM1 has not been previously studied for its ability to stimulate insulin secretion or promote glucose uptake. This study investigated insulin releasing effects as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Methods: Acute and chronic actions of ...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes) has been universally acknowledged as a chronic public health concern and the leading cause of mortality on a global scale. Plant-based bioactive compounds have made significant contributions to the management of diabetes mellitus globally. Artocarpus heterophyllus, also known as “kathal” in the subcontinent, is rich in dietary fibre and has traditionally been used as a diabetes remedy. The current stu...

Background: G-Protein Coupled Receptors-120 (GPR120) and GPR40 are of interest as targets for treating diabetes and obesity due to their involvement in incretin secretion. This study investigated the mechanistic function of dual agonism on regulating the regeneration of beta cell mass, proliferation, and the insulin secretory response, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout cells and intracellular-signalling analysis.Methods: Clonal pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells a...