ea0081rc12.8 | Rapid Communications 12: Reproductive and Developmental Endocrinology | ECE2022
Kangasniemi Marika
, Arffman Riikka
, Joenvaara Sakari
, Haverinen Annina
, Luiro Kaisu
, Tohmola Tiialotta
, Renkonen Risto
, Heikinheimo Oskari
, Tapanainen Juha
, Piltonen Terhi
Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are known to have multiple beneficial effects besides contraception, but also cause some unwanted health outcomes. They interfere, for example, with metabolism, inflammation, hepatic protein synthesis and blood coagulation. COCs containing natural estrogens have recently been developed, yet little is known about their non-contraceptive effects compared to conventional COCs with ethinyl estradiol (EE). The aim of this study was to ...