Endocrine Abstracts

Background and aims: Hypoglycemia can be a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, changes in platelets and coagulation hemostasis during hypoglycemia have not been extensively studied. During hypoglycemia, a wide spectrum of physiologic responses are activated that could have potential vascular biological effects. To date, the role played by catecholamines, the sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine hormones on activating adhesion m...

Background and aims: Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) impairment was reported as a marker of cerebral microangiopathy in long-term type 1 diabetes (DM1). Indices of cerebral blood flow might serve as an indicator of early microangiopathic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate CVR in patients with DM1 and diabetic nephropathy. Research design and methods: Study has been reviewed by the Local Ethics Committee. The study has been performed in accordance with ethica...

Cellular Ca2+ signals have been proposed to activate signal for hormone secretion. In pancreatic β cell which produce insulin, Ca2+ signals have been known contributing insulin secretion. Prior to conduct this study, we confirmed calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) which responsible for regulation of the distribution offree calcium in the cytoplasm. Hypoxic condition induces endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress, increase both insulin signaling and insulin resistance. Byexposing hypoxia, ...

Objective: Insulin insufficiency which is the result of deficiency of β-cells is the common feature for all types of diabetes. Therefore protection of functional β-cell mass is the keystone of diabetes treatment. Betatrophin, a newly determined hormone, has been identified as a potent stimulator that increases the production and expansion of β-cells in mice. However, very little is known about the physiological role of betatrophin in h...

Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is shown in diabetic pathophysiology. We have investigated the activation mechanism of MR protein in diabetic nephropathy and clarified one of the mechanisms of activation of MR protein by hyperglycemia. On the other hand, MR is abundantly expressed in the retina. Retinal Müller glial cells are known to be involved in the control of retina hydration and homeostasis of potassium through MR and it is reported that treatment of M...

Class 2a HDACs (i.e. HDAC 4, 5, 7 and 9) are involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and accordingly, their inhibition has been shown to result in lower blood glucose and improved pyruvate tolerance in diabetic mice. However, pan-inhibition of HDACs is not a viable approach for chronic treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to induction of severe side effects in various tissues. We now have investigated in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety of a live...

Few studies have investigated the intracellular signaling pathways mediating the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogues in enteroendocrine L cells. Specific receptors, channels, and intracellular signaling proteins expressed by the L cells have only begun to be characterized. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the olfactory receptor (OR) OR51E1 in GLP-1 secretion. We verified the expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP), an indicator of OR...

According to the findings from the recent studies, the oxidative stress can be a cause for type 2 diabetes mellitus onset. In that context, the development of drugs with antioxidant effect to be used for prevention and treatment of the disease is of vital importance. The work was initiated to study the oxidative stress in the experimental diabetes and methods of its correction by means of natural antioxidants. In our study we used polyphenols isolated from the seeds of common ...

The efficacy of human islet transplantation is reduced by loss of islets directly after transplantation. Ischemia is likely to be an important contributing factor to the observed islet loss. Diazoxide inhibits insulin secretion by beta cells and has been shown to exhibit anti-apoptotic and anti-ischemic effects. We hypothesized that preincubation of human islets with diazoxide leads to improved islet survival and graft function.Methods: Isolated human pa...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that results from impairment of insulin synthesis/secretion or signaling. The glycemia of type 1 DM (DM1) patients is controlled by insulin replacement therapy, which chronically results in insulin resistance. We have shown that alloxan-induced diabetic rats present hypothyroidism, and that T3 treatment reduced the inflammatory state and hepatic glucose production and increased insulin sensitivity, improving glycemia control. Considering tha...

The enzyme 5β-reductase (AKR1D1) catalyses an essential step in bile acid (BA) synthesis, but in addition, controls intra-cellular steroid hormone availability by inactivation. Steroid hormones and BA are regulators of global lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. As disturbances in steroid hormone and BA metabolism have potent effects on metabolic health, we hypothesize that AKR1D1 may play a role in metabolic homeostasis. The role of AKR1D1 in regulating glucose homeostasis...

Background: Obesity can lead type 2 diabetes (T2D), however there are patients with obesity who present euglycemia. The mechanisms by which T2D appears have not been fully elucidated. Oncostatin m (OSM) is a proinflammatory cytokine, member of the IL-6 family, which is increased in obesity in mice and humans, and impairs browning in mice. Here, we aim at evaluating the potential role of OSM in the development of T2D in patients with obesity.Material and ...