Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Coexistence of the BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations may correlate with more aggressive histopathological features and worse course of the disease. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) dynamic risk stratification with modified initial estimated risk based on response- to-therapy and disease course allows individual risk assessment and support clinicians in the appropriate management approach to differentiated thyroid cancer (...

Background: Follicular-derived thyroid cancers (FDTC) generally have a good prognosis. Nonetheless, a minority of them have an aggressive behavior and develop distant metastases, with increased mortality rates. Pre-surgically available prognostic markers, able to identify this group of patients are still lacking.Materials and methods: The study involved 436 FNA samples with a malignant/suspicious cytology obtained from thyroid nodules in 436 consecutive ...

Introduction and aim: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia affecting 0.2–1.5% of the individuals worldwide and its incidence is increasing [1]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main histotype (80–90%). PTC susceptibility is the result of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and lifestyle. We hypothesized that genetic predisposition to PTC is poligenic and characterized by a genetic signature involving combinations of genes previously...

Background: Although anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is found in less than 2% of patients with thyroid cancer, it is the most advanced, aggressive and lethal. ATC is known to develop from well-differentiated thyroid cancers, such as follicular thyroid cancer, and it is undifferentiated itself. Among the thyroid-specific transcription factors that are critical for the function of thyroid, the expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), or NKX2.1, has been reported to c...

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in patients with advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC). However, for some compounds, data on effectiveness and safety are limited. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to document clinical response and toxicities of TKIs in advanced MTC.Methods: A literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane until May 2018 was performed for articles or abstracts on TKI use in MTC. Studies were ...

Introduction: Accurately discern malignant from benign nodules sometimes represents a real challenge. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, ultrasound and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) allow for accurate diagnosis in 60–80% of all nodules. However, 10–20% of thyroid FNAs yield an indeterminate cytology (BSRTC III and IV categories). The real malignancy rate of BSRTC III category is difficult to ascertain because histopathological anal...

Introduction: Radioiodine can be used for the ablation/treatment and imaging of thyroid cancer. However, radioiodine uptake is not specific for thyroid tissue. Iodine-131 can show physiologic accumulation in several organs as breast, thymus, liver and gastrointestinal tract, or in benign conditions, such as cysts and inflammation, or in a variety of benign and malignant non-thyroidal tumors, which could be mistaken for thyroid cancer or cancer metastasis. Here we aimed to eval...

Introduction: Most studies which scrutinized the ATA 2015 thyroid nodule guidelines were performed retrospectively, in tertiary centers of excellence and in Western populations. We sought to prospectively apply these guidelines, under ‘real world’ conditions and in an eastern Mediterranean population.Methods: Thyroid nodules were prospectively and independently assessed by two experienced sonographers and classified as per the guidelines. Only ...

Objectives: DTC has a favorable clinical course. A small percentage of patients undergoing surgery and RAI ablation may have local disease persistence and further therapeutic interventions may be needed such as further RAI administration following or not a second surgery. We investigated whether additional therapeutic interventions may be beneficial for the clinical course in DTC patients with disease persistence.Methods: 812 DTC patients (men 25.7%, age...

Objectives: The identification of novel causing genes in thyroid carcinoma is very important in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study found EIF1AX, CHEK2 and PPM1D genes as new minor causing genes in the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) development. The goal of this study was to detect variants in these genes in PTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cohorts.<p class="a...

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the first commercially available computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) imaging analysis system.Methods: Ultrasound images of 300 thyroid nodules (135 malignant) acquired prior to surgical treatment were retrospectively reviewed by a thyroid expert, and then the classification of each image was compared to the classification rendered by an image analysis program (AmCAD-UT®). The American Thyroid A...

Introduction: Ultrasound is the main diagnostic tool for imaging pathology of the thyroid gland. The TI-RADS classification allows the evaluation of a risk of malignancy in the case of thyroid nodules, indicating the need to perform a puncture for a histological study. Bethesda system classifies them according to the cytological malignancy risk. Bethesda category 3 (B3) comprises ‘follicular lesion of undetermined significance’ or ‘atypia of undetermined signifi...