Endocrine Abstracts

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a rare complex auto-immune disorder which causes substantial morbidity. It can result in orbital disfigurement, double vision and even visual loss. Consequently it has a substantial negative effect on quality of life, mental health and socioeconomic status. The vast majority of patients have Graves’ disease (GD), an inflammatory auto-immune condition which is characterized by thyrotropin receptor auto-antibodies (TSHR-Ab). Ocular inflammat...