Endocrine Abstracts

Metabolic bone diseases encompass a large spectrum of disorders of bone strength, bone growth, or bone structure. Most of the disorders are caused by genetic defects and have onset prenatally or in childhood. The International classification of genetic skeletal disorders includes >450 disorders divided into 40 subgroups based on their clinical, radiographic and genetic features. The individual disorders are rare but collectively result in significant morbidity and pose a chall...

Numerous epidemiologic studies have associated hyponatremia with both osteoporosis and bone fractures. Disordered bone metabolism with hyponatremia occurs primarily by direct sodium-sensing mechanisms on osteoclasts that are independent from osmolality. Additional effects may be mediated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Further, even mild hyponatremia can contribute to neurological dysfunction via gait instability and increased falls, bot...

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