Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with several endocrine abnormalities. Data concerning thyroid dysfunction in HIV are still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions and their association with HAART and HIV-infection in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out involving HIV-infected patients whose t...

Objectives: Coexistence of two different malignancies is frequently reported. Sometimes occurs in the context of well-established syndromes like MEN2. Rearranged during transfection (RET), is an oncogenic driver activated in different kinds of neoplasias such as: MTC, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC), Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). We have previously reported an increased prevalence of DTC in familial MTC patients carrying the RET (G533C) mutation. Ai...

According to the recommendations of the European Group for the study of Graves ‘orbitopathy (EOP) (EUGOGO), pulse therapy with glucocorticosteroids, is the method of choice in active EOP of moderate severity or severe course. The choice of scheme depends largely on the doctor’s preferences, as the comparative effectiveness of many of them remains uncertain.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of various schemes of pulse therapy with methylp...

Background: Preexisting chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the only known risk factor for thyroid lymphomas, a rare variant of thyroid cancer. Here, we describe a male patient with previously undiagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who presented with severe airway compromise due to a thyroid lymphoma.Case report: 60 y/o, former smoker, presented with 2 month neck fullness and dyspnea that awakened him throughout the night due to malpositioning of his nec...

Objective: Bleeding is one of the most dangerous complications following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. For this reason prophylactic perioperative thromboprophylaxis is not routinely use. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of clinical and subclinical deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to validate the Caprini score as a predictive factor of high risk patients after these operations.Material and method: This is a prospective study involvin...

Objective: This study analyzes impairments occurred in local thyroid hormones metabolism and their connection to decreased glucose uptake, amyloid-β accumulation and apoptosis of neurons in pharmacologically induced animal model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: Spectrophotometry, immunoassay, morphological studies including immunohistochemistry, rat Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s disease model (WAG male rats).Results...

Background: Medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas are distinct entities, regarding their incidence, cellular and genetic origin, histopathological features and prognosis, but there have been described a few cases of the two occurring simultaneously in the same patient. Medullary thyroid carcinoma represents between 1–5% of all thyroid malignancies and it is responsible for 12–13% of all cancer related deaths. The familial form (10–20% of the cases) is cause...

Background: Toxic adenoma (TA) is a rare cause of hyperthyroidism in children, representing less than 3% of cases, more frequently affecting girls. The risk of malignancy in pediatric autonomous nodules is unknown. Despite current guidelines on the management of TA, published case series reveal discrepancies in medical practice.Case presentation: We report a case of TA in a 7-year old boy, incidentally detected as a palpable mass during examination for l...

Objective: Thyroglobulin (Tg) production by normal or malignant thyroidal cells is TSH dependent. The rhTSH administration for Tg stimulation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), after thyroidectomy and eradication of thyroid remnants with I-131, offers an alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal preventing the progressive morbidity of hypothyroidism. Tg measurement is usually obtained on the 3rd and 5th day after the first rhTSH injection.<p class="abste...

Objective: The thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may bring inconclusive cytological results of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) or follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN). The objective of the study was to describe the genetic landscape of indeterminate thyroid nodules to better understand this phenomenon and identify genetic markers potentially differentiating benign and malignant ...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are characterised by a poor prognosis, due to a highly proliferative, metastatic and undifferentiated state. Follicular thyroid cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the upregulation of TGFβ pathway. Interestingly, in many epithelial cancer types a correlation between high levels of SIX1 expression and TGFβ signaling has been described.Objective: Study the role of SIX1 homeoprotein in th...

Objective: The association between thyroid function and mood disorders has long been recognized but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Thyroid dysfunction often leads to the development of mental diseases and in patients with affective disorders, 1–4% suffers from hypothyroidism and 4–40% show signs of subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of hypothyroidism on metabolic processes in the brai...

Background: Pembrolizumab is a novel anti-cancer drug that targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on lymphocytes resulting in their activation against tumor cells. PD-1 receptors are also distributed in endocrine organs and pembrolizumab use has long-been associated with hypophysitis and thyroiditis. We describe a patient with pembrolizumab-induced thyroiditis who developed an uncommon fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D).Case prese...

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify changes in thyroid hormone metabolism occurring in different thyroid functional states and to evaluate tissue response to thyroid hormone changes.Methods: Two hundred subjects (137 F, 63 M, mean age: 50.3±14.4 years) waiting to be treated or treated with total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study. Thyroid function was investigated measuring TSH, fT4 and fT3, and ...

Objective: Withdrawal of the medications prior to screening for primary aldosteronism is problematic, sometimes impossible and probably not necessary as the routine practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of aldosterone-to-renin ratio in hypertensive patients undergoing laboratory screening for primary aldosteronism without obligatory drug modifications.Methods: Plasma aldosterone and direct renin concentrations from 20 patien...

Introduction: Secretory adrenal tumors sensitive to luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are well documented in the literature. LH and hCG share a mutual LH/hCG receptor and a comparable physiological role.Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the response of adrenal steroids (cortisol, aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS)) to exogenous hCG stimulation in menopausal patients with adrenal incident...

Objective: Previous studies indicated that two glucocorticoid receptor gene polimorphisms bclI and N363S (GC-S) are associated with increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids and two other polymorphisms 9β and ER22/23EK (GC-I) are related to decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoids. The aim of the study was to determine whether these genetic changes can effect on the occurence of steroid-induced adverse events.Methods: One hundred and fifty p...

Objectives: The activating mutation (L206R) in PRKACA has been reported in more than 30–50% of cases with cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs). We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and gene expression profiling between PRKACA L206R mutant and wild type CPAs.Methods: We included 57 subjects with CPAs who underwent adrenalectomy at Seoul National University Hospital. Sanger sequencing for PRKACA w...

Introduction: Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) represents the gold standard in the identification of the source of aldosterone hypersecretion in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). It is a technically demanding procedure and, in some cases, only one adrenal vein is successfully cannulated. Our study aimed to examine the aldosterone/cortisol ratio between the peripheral and adrenal veins in order to determine peripheral/adrenal vein aldosterone/cortisol ratio cut-off value tha...

Objective: To describe the Carney Complex (CNC) manifestations presented by patients harboring the PRKAR1A mutation c.709(-7-2)del (one of the three hotspots) in a large cohort of patients.Methods: Multicenter retrospective study. Age at the diagnosis or at the screening of the different CNC manifestations is described by mean ± standard deviation.Results: Forty patients [12 index cases, 27 females, 46±15 years o...

Objective: Urine steroid metabolomics, combining mass spectrometry-based steroid profiling and machine learning, has been described as a novel diagnostic tool for detection of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). This proof-of-concept study evaluated the performance of urine steroid metabolomics as a tool for post-operative recurrence detection after microscopically complete (R0) resection of ACC.Methods: 135 patients from 14 clinical centers provided post-op...

Objective: Aiming to identify individuals with more benign metabolic profile, we explored the link between anthropometric predictors as well as serum levels of sex hormones and phenotypes of metabolic health in non-obese postmenopausal women.Methods: A total of 458 non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) postmenopausal women (age 55.2±7.1 years, BMI=24.6±2.8 kg/m2) were retrieved from the Menopause Clinic of Aretaieio Hospital, Nati...

Background: Low muscle mass and obesity in surgical patients are a prevalent phenomenom that is associated with outcomes such as higher surgical an clinical complications and poor. However, the significance of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the liver transplantation (LT) population remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of low skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality and sarcopenic obesity on patients awaiting LT.Method...

Objective: Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for weight loss and diabetes remission. There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the glucagon levels after RYGB surgery, likely due to cross-reactivity with oxyntomodulin and glicentin. The aim of this study was to characterize the proglucagon peptide family responses post-RYGB surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes using validated assays.Method: Nineteen obes...

Introduction: Recent studies claim that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD).Objective: To study miRNA expression in patients with obesity, determine their association with CAD.Methods: MiRNAs were detected in peripheral blood. 66 patients with BMI 30.0–39.9 kg/m2 were divided into 3 groups: 1st – with CAD and T2DM, 2nd – with T2DM and excluded CAD, 3rd –...

Objective: Recent evidence reports a controversial extra-gonadal role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Conflicting data support that the association between FSH and obesity might be maintained by a direct or even indirect effect to the adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between FSH concentrations and various obesity indices in women after menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 420 postmenopausal w...

Introduction: White adipose tissue celularity is a highly versatile and precocious marker for metabolic status. Fat morphology can be estimated by comparing body fat mass with average fat cell size. Recent studies have shown that adipo-cyte hypertrophy is negatively correlated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, independent of body composition.Methods: The study group includes 18 obese patients, with a mean age of 38.76±8.89 years and a mean B...

Objective: Saturated fatty acids (FAs), e.g. stearic acid (SA), induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells while unsaturated FAs, e.g. oleic acid (OA) have nearly no detrimental effect. Moreover, unsaturated FAs are capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Hypoxia is also known to have deleterious effects on β-cell function and viability. In the present study, we have tested the modulatory effect of hypoxia on the effect of FAs on the growth and v...

Objective: Differences in body weight and clinical features of typical vs atypical anorexia nervosa (A.N) might be explained by the genetic background. We aimed to evaluate the association between the subtypes of A.N. and the genetic polymorphisms of the thrombotic panel or the methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene.Methods: A total of 40 adolescent girls with A.N., aged 13–19 years, were evaluated. We recorded anthropometric parameters, amen...

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Steroid hormones and bile acids are potent regulators of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Steroid 5β-reductase (AKR1D1) is highly expressed in human liver where it inactivates steroid hormones and catalyzes a fundamental step in bile acid synthesis.Methods: Human liver biopsies were obtained from 34 obese patients and AKR1D1 mRNA expres...

Objective: Radiotherapy (RT) can achieve tumour control rates of over 90% in pituitary adenomas. The commonest toxicity of irradiation is hypopituitarism. The exact incidence is variable and requires long-term testing for deficiency of all hypothalamic-pituitary axes (HPA). The aim of this study is to determine the time to onset of individual hormonal deficiencies and establish a timeframe for endocrine testing post-RT.Methods: We retrospectively assesse...

Purpose: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare endocrine emergency due to abrupt hemorrhage or infarction of a preexisting pituitary tumor. We aimed to present clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as the management of patients presented with pituitary apoplexy at our department.Methods: Review of the records of all patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy at the Endocrinology department over the last 20 years.Results: During ...

Objective: Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a benign tumor of the sellar/hypothalamic region. It is associated with endocrinopathies, which may potentially impair bone health. Our objective was to determine bone health status in CP patients.Methods: In this retrospective study, Dutch/Swedish CP patients were included if data was available on fractures, bone mineral density (BMD) (T/Z-score), or final height (age >18 years). Data is presented as mean±<s...

Objective and methods: Recent studies suggest that altered alternative splicing and, consequently, appearance of an abnormal splicing pattern and even of aberrant/oncogenic splicing-variants, represent a common molecular feature of most tumor pathologies, including Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs). However, the putative alteration, pathophysiological role and potential therapeutic utility of splicing machinery components [i.e. spliceosome-components (SCs) and splicing...

Introduction: The management of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) remains a debated issue. Surgery, which is indisputably indicated in invasive NFPA, is rarely curative. Moreover, it is not always feasible due to potential complications or contraindications. Expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR) form the rationale for the use of somatostatin analogues (SSA) in the therapy NFPA. Aim: to compare the risk of NFPA progression between patients treated with ...

Background: Gigantism is a rare condition with accelerated growth in childhood when the epiphyseal plates are not fused. Most cases are due to growth hormone (GH) secretion from a pituitary adenoma. Rarer causes of GH-related gigantism include somatotroph hyperplasia as part of McCune-Albright syndrome, Carney complex, X-linked acrogigantism or ectopic GHRH production.Case presentation: An 18-year-old male with c.249_252delGTCT;p.I85Sfs MEN1 mut...

Objectives: Somatotropinomas form three subgroups with distinct methylation profiles1, one matching the sparsely granulated (SG) and the other two matching the densely granulated phenotypes (DG-A and DG-B). Publicly accessible raw methylation data1 and our RNA microarray data were analysed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and enriched genes between SG, DG-A and DG-B and normal anterior pituitary gland (NP), genes showing differential m...

Objective: Describe clinical, laboratorial, imaging features, therapeutic management and the outcomes of patients with clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) presenting at our department.Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of all patients with NFPAs evaluated at our department between 2010 and 2019.Results: We evaluated 160 patients, 51.3% female, with a median age of 56.6 years (18–89). ...

Objective: To analyze the role of miRNAs previously found to be differentially expressed in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome (CS).Materials and methods: We analyzed putative targets of three microRNAs, which were previously found to be differentially expressed in ACTH-dependent CS patients: miR-16-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-7g-5p. We used TargetScan (TS) and DIANA tools (DT) predictions.Results: We found different plasma expr...

Objective: MRI T2-signal intensity and somatostatin (SST) receptor expression are recognized predictors of therapy response in acromegaly. We investigate the relationship between these predictors and the hormonal and tumor responses to PAS-LAR therapy, and compare to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) responsiveness.Methods: We included 45 acromegalics initially receiving SRLs, followed by a combination therapy including pegvisomant (P...

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical features in three age-groups of women with primary hyperparathyroidism.Methods: The data about biochemical profile and disease complications in women with active stage of disease (n=645) was collected from the Russian Primary Hyperparathyroidism Registry. Group 1 included women 20–49 years old (n=215) unless the patients with suspected or confirmed multiple endocrine neopl...

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) levels in acromegaly patients with regard to the disease activity. The associations between OPG, RANK-L and random growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck (FN) BMD were also evaluated.Methods: A study group included 72 patients with acrom...

Pregnant women are at risk of developing diseases associated with deficiency of essential micronutrients.Objective: To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and its dependence on the trimester of pregnancy.Methods: We examined 476 pregnant women at different gestational periods from three regions of Russia (Moscow, Ivanovo, Smolensk). Concentration of 25(OH)vitamin D (ng/ml) was estimated by immunometri...

Introduction: Reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is common in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated conventionally with active vitamin D and calcium supplements.Aim: To determine the HRQoL of patients with hypoparathyroidism with disease persisting for more than 1 year.Methods: We identified 32 patients (women/men − 31/1, median (Me) age 48 years [38; 59.5]). The average duration of the disease was 4 ye...

Objective: To investigate osteoporosis features in elder patients in Moscow populationMaterials and Methods: It was a retrospective study, during which we analyzed the data of 192 outpatients admitted to our Centre. In the focus of our attention was patients’ past medical history and T-criteria values assessed by DEXA-scan. The statistical analysis was performed using Prism 8 Version 8.0.1 (145). Statistically significant were differences with P...

Background: Fractures are frequent in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) undergoing hemodialysis. Cinacalcet (CT) is a drug used in the reduction of hypercalcemia in these patients that acts through the lintel calcium sensor in the parathyroid gland. Recently, it has been pointed out that CT can reduce fractures in these patients by unknown mechanisms (EVOLVE Trials 2015).Objectives: To evaluate the effect...

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) and sex hormone replacement therapy (SHRT) are standard treatment for patients with Turner syndrome (TS) that enhances bone mineral density (BMD), puberty, and quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SHRT and GH on BMD in TS patients.Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed in LUHS Kauno Klinikos in 2014–2018. 27 females with TS were enrolled. BMD and Z score...

Objective: The management of male idiopathic infertility is challenging. The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) note 74 regulates the empirical administration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), although its application in clinical practice remain conflicting. The aim was to explore the management of male idiopathic infertility and to assess the actual use of FSH.Methods: A multicenter longitudinal prospective observational study (open-registry), involvi...

Objective: To evaluate the association between genetic background and the presence of oligo- or amenorrhea in a sample of adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa compared with controls.Methods: A total of 40 adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa aged 14–17 years, as well as 10 age-matched girls, were included in the study. We recorded anthropometric parameters and calculated body mass index (BMI) z-scores adjusted for age, as wel...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic endocrine disorder associated with chronic oligo-amenorrhea, hirsutism, polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) and often with insulin resistance. Due to its heterogenic etiology, there is no general treatment, but rather an individual approach, according to patient’s symptoms, needs and wishes. The aim of this study is to detect possible variations in clinical and biochemical outcome in PCOS cases, after trea...

Objective: A mesenteric mass with surrounding mesenteric fibrosis (MF) is a hallmark of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) and known to induce abdominal complications. However, little is known on the evolution over time and the pathways involved in progression. Our aim was to assess the development of the metastatic mesenteric mass over time and find predictors for progression.Methods: Retrospectively, 530 patients with proven SI-NET and &...

*supported by The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment Research, Fund for International Cooperation.Objective: Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent enzyme, affects diverse cellular processes. Yet the reproductive functions of SIRT1 remain unclear. The aim of the study was to reveal the regulation of SIRT1 expression and its roles in human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLCs).Methods: hGLCs were retrieved from women...

Objective: Environmental rhythmicity seems able to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in animals, but the extent of its influence in humans is still controversial. This study was designed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations of the main hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, using a big data approach.Methods: An observational, retrospective, big data trial was carried out, including all testosterone, luteinizing hor...

Objective: investigate the assosiation between presence of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The study included 138 women over 60 years old (Me 72[67;78] years) (76 patients with T2DM). Patients were examined with evaluation of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. Muscle strength was measured with carpal dynamometry, muscle function was evaluated with short physical performance battery tests. Skeletal muscle mass index ...

Objective: Currently, 2–3% of the population of the UK and US receive glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Significant adverse effects are not confined to chronic use; recurrent short-course administration is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of GC therapy is not in doubt but data about the cumulative dose responsible for adverse effects during GC treatment are still lacking. The aim of this study was to test the impact of 7 days of 10 or 15 mg of Pr...

Background: Arterial stiffness is a well-established surrogate marker of vascular properties and arterial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). We aimed to investigate whether optimization of DM2 therapy with, additional to metformin, novel antiglycemic agents may improve arterial wall properties and achieve better glycemic control.Methods: We enrolled 99 consecutive patients (male gender=63.3%) receiving metformin for DM2 who did ...

Objective: A potential role for the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) has received increasing interest in the study of metabolic disease, but the association of β-OHB with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the association of β-OHB with incident T2D in a prospective population-based cohort.Methods: We measured plasma concentrations of β-OHB using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop...

Objective: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was used as a noninvasive marker of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to assess the association between arterial stiffness and cause specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This multicenter prospective observational study analyzed 2,320 patients with T2DM. The patients were divided into two groups according to baPWV (cutoff baPWV of 1,750 cm/s). Causes ...

Objective: Insulin clearance can be lower in longstanding insulin-resistant states, whereas hepatic insulin kinetics are not yet clear in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.Methods: Volunteers with type 1 (T1D; n=276, 66% male) or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n=451, 69%) and glucose-tolerant humans (CON; n=143, 65%) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value) and whole-body insulin cl...

Objective: To evaluate cancer risk among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Lithuania.Methods: A retrospective cohort design was used. The cohort was established by identifying all patients with the first diagnosis of T2DM in the National Health Insurance Fund database during 2000–2012. Cancer cases were identified by record linkage with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated.<p class="ab...

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the global epidemic of the 21st century, and it leads to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Elevated blood glucose level in T2DM causes disturbances of blood cells and its parameters. The aim of the research is to determine changes in the complete blood count (CBC) depending on glycemic control, the disease duration and their association with degenerative complications.Methods: The study was ...

Objectives: Broad insight into metabolic disturbances caused by diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and persist after pH normalization.Methods: Three groups of children with type 1 diabetes were recruited: after an episode of DKA (DKA, n=20), with established diabetes (EDM, n=10) and with new onset diabetes without DKA (NDM, n=10). EDM and NDM groups were matched to the DKA one for sex and age. Serum samples were collected at three tim...

Objective: Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) is becoming increasingly popular among children with Type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to evaluate real-life data from children using FGM followed in our center.Methods: We studied 37 patients (51.4% males), with a mean±S.D. age of 10.1±3.9 years at FGM start for a period of 10.1±6.5 months. HbA1c, BMI z-score, number of self-reported and severe hypoglycemias, total insulin daily dose/kg ...

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of forefoot and midfoot diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) complicated by osteomyelitis and their outcomes with conservative management in a multi-disciplinary care environment and determine predictors of ulcer healing.Methods: This is a retrospective study of all consecutive cases of DFUs complicated by osteomyelitis presenting to our multi-disciplinary diabetes foot clinic between 1st January and 30th June 2016...

Objective: Clinical trials aiming at strict glycemic control in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) failed to show reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events. The exact mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of intensive antidiabetic therapy on vascular indices of T2DM patients.Methods: We studied 62 T2DM patients [mean age 64 years, 52% males, mean T2DM duration 14 years) with poor glycemic control (HbA1c &#880...

Background and aims: Recent studies shows that SGLT-2 inhibitors affect phosphorus and calcium homeostasis in healthy individuals, but their effects in patients with type 2 diabetes are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of empagliflozin on parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preserved kidney function.Materials and methods: The subjects were 30 patients with T2DM, ...

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at higher risk for thrombotic events and as a result cardiovascular disease. Platelet function may be used to assess prothrombotic state in patients with cardiovascular disease.Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether the administration of novel antidiabetic agents influence platelet function in TDM2 patients.Patients and Methods: We 60 enrolled consecutive patients with T2DM, on ...