Endocrine Abstracts

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Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are neuropeptides produced in hypothalamic nuclei and released into circulation from axon terminals projecting to the posterior pituitary. A disrupted hypothalamic-pituitary axis caused by inflammation, tumours, or head trauma can cause AVP deficiency, also known as central diabetes insipidus (cDI), a condition characterised by polyuria and consecutive polydipsia. Once diagnosed, desmopressin, a selective AVP receptor 2 agonist, is...

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients, including cancer patients. Multiple causes can lead to hyponatremia, but frequently this electrolyte disorder is due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). In cancer patients this syndrome is mostly secondary to ectopic secretion of arginine vasopressin by tumoral cells. In addition, several chemotherapeutic drugs induce the release of arginine vasopressin by the hypothalamus. There i...