Body composition of the arms as an index of bone quality

Chondrogianni Maria Eleni; Ioannis Kyrou; Theodoros Androutsakos; Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou; Maria Panagaki; Despina Polichroniadi; Gregory Kaltsas; Harpal Randeva; Eva Kassi

doi:10.1530/endoabs.99.EP424

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Endocrine Abstracts (2024) 99 EP424 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.99.EP424

ECE2024 Eposter Presentations Calcium and Bone (102 abstracts)

Body composition of the arms as an index of bone quality

Maria Eleni Chondrogianni ^1,2 , Ioannis Kyrou ^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9} , Theodoros Androutsakos ¹⁰ , Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou ² , Maria Panagaki ² , Despina Polichroniadi ¹¹ , Gregory Kaltsas ² , Harpal Randeva ^3,4,6,7 & Eva Kassi ^1,2

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¹Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens, Greece; ²Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaupedic Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece; ³University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), Coventry, United Kingdom; ⁴University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, Coventry, United Kingdom; ⁵School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Athens, Greece; ⁶University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom; ⁷Coventry University, Centre for Health & Life Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom; ⁸Aston University, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom; ⁹University of Derby, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Derby, United Kingdom; ¹⁰Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pathophysiology, Athens, Greece; ¹¹Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evgenidion Hospital, Athens, Greece

Introduction: Traditionally, obesity is thought to exert a positive impact on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effect of adipose tissue on bone health is under investigation. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a measure of bone texture, providing information on bone quality and microarchitecture, independently of BMD. Lower values of TBS indicate a worsening in bone quality and amplify fracture risk. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association of body composition and bone quality as evaluated by lumbar spine TBS.

Methods: We included 83 subjects (69 women and 14 men) with a mean age of 62.38years ± 10.48. There was no history of secondary osteoporosis, neither received anti-osteoporotic drugs. Body composition and lumbar spine TBS were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To determine the associations among the variables of interest linear regression analysis was performed (Stata Corp (2017)).

Results: Our analysis demonstrated that total fat mass is negatively associated with TBS (P<0.01). Moreover, total lean mass is positively correlated with TBS. Extending our analysis to examine the association of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and arm fat mass with TBS, we demonstrated that VAT mass is negatively associated with TBS (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that right and left arm fat mass, each one or combined, associated negatively with TBS (P<0.05), even after adjustment for age and weight. Each right and left arm lean mass or combined were positively associated with TBS reaching statistical significance (P<0.1).

Conclusions: Our study provide evidence that total fat and in specific VAT negatively impacts bone quality as it is estimated by TBS. It is known that VAT is the main source of proinflammatory adipocytokines provoking low grade inflammation that has potentially a negative impact on bone quality. We also showed for the first time that the body composition of the arms is correlated with the bone quality of lumbar spine, possibly underscoring the importance of the physical exercise of the upper part of the body in the bone quality of vertebrae.

References: 1. Paik J.M et al. BMI, Waist Circumference, and Risk of Incident Vertebral Fracture in Women. Obesity 2019, 27, 1513–1519. 2. Seaton MP, et al. Associations of Lean Mass, Muscular Strength, and Physical Function with Trabecular Bone Score in Older Adults. J Clin Densitom. 2023;26(3):101370. 3. Kirk B, et al. Muscle, Bone, and Fat Crosstalk: the Biological Role of Myokines, Osteokines, and Adipokines. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2020;18(4):388–400.