Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT1471

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that combines insulin resistance and metabolic alterations, being one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Its management includes improving glycemic control, reducing body weight, and optimizing the lipid profile. Additionally, controlling systemic inflammation is key to reducing cardiovascular and hepatic complications. New therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, have been shown to be effective in the comprehensive treatment of this condition.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of semaglutide on anthropometric, metabolic parameters and the systemic inflammation index (SII) after six months of treatment in patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 250 patients with T2DM treated at the Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital in Granada, who started subcutaneous semaglutide treatment. Follow-up was carried out over approximately six months. Anthropometric (weight) and analytical data were collected, including glucose, cholesterol, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and SII. The following SII grades were defined: normal range (<381), low-grade inflammation (381 - 525), and severe inflammation (>525). Data obtained at baseline and after six months were analyzed using the statistical software Jamovi, applying the paired sample T-test with a per-protocol approach.

Results: From the total number of patients, comparable SII values before and after the intervention were obtained for 171 individuals. Of these, 48% were women, with a mean population age of 58 years at the beginning of semaglutide treatment. A significant reduction in weight (P< 0.001), glucose (P< 0.001), and total cholesterol (P = 0.004) was observed, indicating improvements in weight, metabolic, and lipid control (Table 1). No significant changes were recorded in neutrophils (P = 0.485), lymphocytes (P = 0.582), or the systemic inflammation index (SII; P = 0.773), which remained stable, suggesting the preservation of immune balance after the intervention.

Conclusion: Treatment with semaglutide in patients with T2DM significantly improved weight, metabolic, and lipid control after six months, while the SII and immunological parameters remained stable, without significant changes.