Endocrine Abstracts

JOINT3851

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a high-risk complication of type 1 diabetes, poorly described but responsible for severe morbidity and amputations.

Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics in type 1 diabetics with diabetic foot.

Patients and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted among patients with type 1 diabetes hospitalized for diabetic foot in our department from January 2018 to September 2024. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1.

Results: Our study included 56 patients, with an average age of 37.71 years (range: 17-68 years). Males predominated with a sex ratio of 3.3. The average duration of diabetes was 19 years. The mean HbA1c was 11%. For insulin therapy: 65% were on a premixed regimen and 35% on a basal-bolus regimen. 62.5% of the patients were at very high cardiovascular risk: dyslipidemia in 34%, hypertension and smoking in 21.4%, and obesity in 14.2%. Macroangiopathy was dominated by peripheral artery disease in 32% of cases. Microangiopathy was dominated by diabetic retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy in 66.1% and 58.2% of cases, respectively. The initial cause of the lesions was inappropriate footwear in 59% of cases. The most common type of lesion was diabetic foot ulcer in 84% of cases: 29.7% associated with dermohypodermitis, and 42% complicated by osteitis. Management was medical in 91% of cases, with 8.9% requiring surgical treatment, and 3.5% undergoing amputation.

Conclusions: The occurrence of diabetic foot in patients with type 1 diabetes is linked to glycemic imbalance and the presence of degenerative complications, notably peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. The evolution is favorable in most cases.