Endocrine Abstracts

Neuroendocrine tumors (NENs) are a diverse group of malignancies characterized by diverse clinical behaviors and responses to treatment. Despite significant advances in therapies, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and optimized sequential treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. Recent developments in NEN treatment are discussed, focusing on innovative approaches such as molecular targeting, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and combinations of available therapeutic approaches. Current therapeutic options, including somatostatin analogs, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and PRRT, were reviewed while investigating their efficacy and limitations. It also highlights the potential of emerging molecular targets, including mTOR inhibitors, angiogenesis regulators, and epigenetic modulators, which offer hope for better disease control. An essential aspect of modern NEN treatment is the sequencing of therapy to maximize survival and reduce toxicity. Clinical evidence supporting rational choice of first-line and subsequent therapies was evaluated. Advances in PRRT were also highlighted, such as alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides, combination regimens, and new radiopharmaceuticals. In conclusion, the role of precision medicine, a cutting-edge approach, and the importance of genomic and transcriptomic profiling in guiding the choice of therapy is emphasized. It addresses challenges such as resistance to treatment, the need for extended clinical trials, and integrating multidisciplinary care models. Ultimately, there is a need for continuous research and international collaboration to refine NEN treatment paradigms and improve patient outcomes.