Endocrine Abstracts

Case history: A 37-year-old female presented to her GP with myalgia, lethargy and weight gain. Of note she was 24 months post-partum and had not experienced thyroid problems in either of her two pregnancies. On examination she was overweight with marked myxoedema and proximal myopathy.Investigations: Serum TSH was greatly elevated at 206 mIU/l and free T4 was undetectable at <3.20 pmol/l. T3 was 2.8 pmol/l. She was referred urgently to the medical te...

Case history: A 35-year-old female was found to be significantly hypertensive (181/91 mmHg) following a first trimester miscarriage (at 8 weeks gestation) during her first pregnancy.Investigations: Blood tests demonstrated moderate hypokalaemia (2.6 mmol/l) with a normal serum sodium (140 mmol/l) and eGFR (>90 ml/min). ECG showed hypokalaemic changes with prolongation of the PR interval and T wave flattening. To avoid potential misinterpretation, add...

We present here a case of diagnostic dilemma in a 34-year female presenting with Amenorrhoea. She was recently married and saw GP for infertility and history of hot flushes, melasma and migraine. Clinic history revealed primary amenorrhoea diagnosed in Brazil at age 15. Patient was told she was born without ovaries and was started on Premarin (oetrogen). She had normal female secondary sexual charcteristics, functional female genitalia and growth. On examination, she had a nor...

Background: Due to practical limitations, the diagnosis of hypogonadism is predominantly based on a single measure of reproductive hormones, often with confirmation on a second occasion. Factors associated with reproductive hormone variation include: pulsatile secretion, diurnal rhythm, and food intake, which can affect the accuracy of diagnosis of reproductive disorders. There is limited data quantitatively estimating the variability of reproductive hormone levels over the da...

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most prevalent female sexual health complaint worldwide, affecting 1-in-10 women. It is characterised by a persistent lack of desire for sexual activity and sexual fantasies, causing distress or interpersonal difficulties. Treatment options are limited, however, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists have emerged as a promising therapy for HSDD, through unclear mechanisms. Investigating the pathways involved is crucial for our u...

Background: Kisspeptin is a critical activator of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons, inducing release of downstream reproductive hormones. Intravenous or subcutaneous kisspeptin administration has been shown to have significant potential to treat reproductive disorders. However, intranasal administration could offer a novel non-invasive delivery route, which would be clinically preferable. We therefore sought to determine the effects of intranasal kisspeptin...

Background: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is associated with dysfunctional brain activation in regions governing sexual responses, resulting in a deficiency/absence of sexual desire with marked distress. It affects up to 8% of men with detrimental effects on quality of life, interpersonal relationships and fertility, but so far has no licensed treatment options. The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin offers a putative therapeutic target owing to its emerging role ...

Introduction: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is characterized by a persistent deficiency of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, causing marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is the most prevalent female sexual health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 1 in 10 women, but has limited treatment options despite its substantial health, social, and economic burden. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists have emerged as a promising therapy fo...

Background: Kisspeptin is a critical activator of hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and has significant potential to treat common reproductive disorders. To date, kisspeptin has solely been administered to humans via the intravenous or subcutaneous routes, however intranasal administration could offer a novel non-invasive delivery route. We therefore sought to determine the effects of intranasal kisspeptin on reproductive hormone release in humans for...

Introduction: Sexual desire is a key component of the sexual response model. Absence or deficiency of sexual desire can lead to marked distress or interpersonal difficulty, termed ‘hypoactive sexual desire disorder’ (HSDD). HSDD is the most common female sexual health complaint worldwide, affecting up to 10% of women. Despite its detrimental impact on psychological well-being and quality of life, treatment options are currently limited. The hormone kisspeptin is a ke...