Endocrine Abstracts

We already know that woman with PCOS face increased risk of glucose intolerance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, it seems that it doesn’t apply to all women with PCOS and depends on their phenotypes.Aim of the study: Evaluation of tissue glucose utilization and lipid’s profile in different PCOS phenotypes.Materials and Methods: 69 PCOS women were divided into ten phenotypes groups, accord...

Introduction: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to detect insulin resistance parameters that could be the best predictor T2DM in PCOS when compared with healthy women.Methods: This study include 114 PCOS women (BMI: 29.2±0.60 kg/m2; age: 25.3±0.57 years) and 41 controls (age- and BMI-matched) healthy women (...

Introduction: Cushing syndrome is a rare etiology of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea.Objective: Screening for Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in patients with hirsutism and oligomenorrhea.Patients and methods: A prospective study was performed from 2004 to 2012. 210 patients were admitted with the complain of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea. In order to establish the diagnosis and exclude the CS, all of them were evaluated with overnight de...

Background: Kisspeptin is an RF amide peptide hormone critical for reproductive function. Kisspeptin is also abundantly expressed in the placenta, where it has an important physiological role in regulating placental invasion. Accordingly, plasma kisspeptin levels rise dramatically during normal pregnancy. Lower plasma levels of kisspeptin are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. Urinary measur...

Background: Central obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased inflammatory markers and increased risk for type 2 diabetes.Aim: To evaluate the long-term effects of metformin (M) and/or oral contraceptives (OC) on fat mass.Research design: Randomized, controlled study.Setting: Outpatient clinic.Methods: 90 patients with PCOS were randomized to 12 months M (...

Purpose: Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) influences the appetite, obesity and pancreatic functions. The aim of this study is to determine the CART level of patients with PCOS and examine the relation with the insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.Methods: 41 patients with PCOS and and 39 healthy women were included in the study whose age and BMI matched. For PCOS diagnosis, 2003 Rotterdam criteria were used. The fasting serum gluco...

Introduction: Polycycstic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important disorder in women of reproductive age which is characterised with menstrual dysfunction, anovulation and hyperandrogenism. 5–10% of the female population affected by this syndrome. Nesfatin-1 is a new anorexigenic hormone which is expressed from several regions of hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Nesfatin-1 is related with obesity, insulin resistance and appetite. We aimed to evaluated the nesfatin-1 leve...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Aim: The aim of the present prospective cohort study was to investigate possible associations between PCOS and obstetric outcomes in 199 Danish women with PCOS and 995 controls and to describe the impact of different PCOS phenotypes on the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.Methods: Women diagnosed with PCOS at Ode...

The work was initiated to study peculiarities of pregnancy in patients with prepubertal onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).We examined 22 patients with prepubertal onset of T1DM. Glycemia and HbA1c levels were measured to assess carbohydrate metabolism. All patients were examined in compliance with protocol of management for patients with pre-gestational diabetes.Mean age of the examinees, primagravidas, was 21.4±4.7, th...

Introduction: Women with PCOS have increased risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive indicator of liver cell injury. The aim of this study is to determine levels of liver enzymes in normal-weight women with PCOS.Methods: PCOS was diagnosed using ESHRE/ASRM criteria. Normal weight was defined as BMI ≤25 kg/m2. We evaluated 62 normal weight women with PCOS (PCOS group: 20.99±1....

Introduction: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) than healthy women. However, it is still unclear weather this is a consequence of PCOS per se or higher prevalence of obesity in this population. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of MS in obese women with PCOS.Methods: PCOS was diagnosed using ESHRE/ASRM criteria. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. We e...

Introduction: Insulin resistance and obesity are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and both are independently associated with dysglycaemia. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of dysglycaemia in obese women with PCOS.Methods: PCOS was diagnosed using ESHRE/ASRM criteria. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. We evaluated 100 obese women with PCOS (PCOS group: 28.99±3.05 kg/m2; 27.70±5....

The hormone assessment in saliva is emerging as a new valuable tool for clinical and research purposes. Salivary levels are supposed to reflect the free fraction of circulating steroids, thus representing a more informative indicator of their activity. Moreover, saliva collection is not stressful and does not require medical assistance, allowing reliable and multiple sampling in a day. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technology offers high s...

Introduction: Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II (PGA-II) is the most common immunoendocrinopathy syndrome, characterized by the obligatory occurrence of Addison disease in combination with thyroid autoimmune diseases and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. This case report presents coexistence of mosaic Turner syndrome and pituitary micoradenoma in patient with PGA-II.Case report: A 30-year-old women underwent IVF for four times, with no success (always...

Progress in reproductive medicine, assisted reproduction, veterinary medicine and animal production and biotechnology is promoted by discovery and application of the new extra- and intracellular regulators of reproductive functions. This is the review of original data concerning the role of some metabolic hormones (GH, leptin, ghrelin and obestatin), growth factors (IGF1, IGFBPs, EGF and thrombopoietin), intracellular mediators of their action (cyclic nucleotides, protein kina...

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated associations of birth weight with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the birth weight in women with PCOS and its correlation with important clinical and biochemical parameters of the syndrome.Patients and methods: We studied 288 women with PCOS according to the NIH criteria (1990) and 166 women with normal cycles and without clinical or biochemical h...

The cyp19 encodes cytochrome P450aromatase, the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Estrogens play a critical role in controlling functional, behavioral and physiological aspects of sexual development both in males and females. Except in Anguilla anguilla, most teleosts studied so far possess two cyp19 genes namely, cyp19a and cyp19b; ovary- and brain-specific respectively. In the present study made in tw...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–8% of reproductive-age women. The morbidity related to PCOS may include insulin-resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and infertility. We aimed to evaluate the clinico-biochemical characteristics of PCOS women and establish its relationship with fertility treatment outcomes.Methods: We reviewed clinical records of PCOS women (Rotterdam crite...

Background: X and Y chromosomes carry many genes that direct development and gametogenesis. Rearrangements associated with X chromosome may have a role in abnormal phenotypes. We presented a case of primary amenorrhea with normal karyotype but centromere thickness in 13th chromosome (13 cenh+), this is the first case in literature.Case: A 18-year-old woman admitted to endocrinology clinic with complaints of primary amenorrhea and a failure in ...

Adipose tissue acts as a metabolically dynamic endocrine organ secreting several hormones, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Resistin plays a role in inducing insulin resistance and inflammation mediated by IL6 and MCP1 cytokines. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pituitary adenoma (PA) and obesity disorders are characterized by insulin resistance and different hormonal-metabolic processes.The increased occurrence of proinflammatory IL17, IL6 a...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder associated with infertility and metabolic disturbances. Ovaries of PCOS women contain an increased number of growing follicles. Such an ovarian phenotype is also observed in mice lacking the ovary-specific growth factor anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). To determine the interaction between ovarian and metabolic function, we studied the metabolic phenotype of mice lacking AMH signaling as a model for an altered profile in ovarian ...

Background: PCOS is one of the most common disorders affecting at least 5–10% of women of reproductive age. Increased prevalance of autoimmune thyroiditis and goiter were reported in PCOS patients. This study investigated the prevalance of hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, ultrasonographic features and presence of nodules in PCOS patients and compare them with the control group. We also aimed to detect correlation of thyroid volume (TV) with serum IGF1 levels in patie...

Context: Both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT, Hashimoto disease) are common endocrinopathies and the AIT is the most prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in areas with sufficient iodine intake. Patients with PCOS are probably more susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases. The data about the prevalence of AIT in PCOS is limited and it has not been assessed in the Polish population.The aims of the study w...

Objectives: The insulin-sensitivity regulator adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) integrates metabolic and inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that there is relationship between FABP4 and factors related to metabolic syndrome in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, among the 72 relatively overweight (BMI≥24 kg/m2) nulliparous women, 14 developed non-proteinuric...

Introduction: Wolfram syndrome has characterized by central diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA) and deafness. In this report we presented a Wolfram syndrome with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.Case: A 18-year-old girl who has diabetes for 6 years was hospitalized due to blood sugar irregularity. Her medical history revealed frequent urination and enuresis for 2–3 years and primary amenorrhea. Furthermore she had hear ...

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), shows different sex-related functions. In male, from the fetal development till the puberty, the expression of AMH by Sertoli cells causes regression of Mullerian ducts with subsequent testicular differentiation. Mainly studied in female, AMH produced by ovarian granulosa cells inhibits both initiation of primordial follicle growth and the FSH-stimulated follicle growth. Moreover, recent ...

Background: Obesity exacerbates many aspects of the PCOS phenotype, especially cardiovascular risk factors, infertility. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of overweight and obesity on the metabolic features of PCOS.Material and methods: 116 PCOS women (according to Rotterdam criteria, mean age 27.16±3.87 years) were investigated in Vilnius city (Lithuania) in 2009–2011. Height, body mass and waist circumference were measur...

Objective: The clinical phenotype of PCOS includes reproductive and hormonal aberrations. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an indicator which could connect hyperandrogenism and anovulation. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between VAI, menstrual disorders and hormonal, biochemical and ultrasound parameters in women with PCOS.Patients: 180 women with PCOS diagnosed with Rotterdam criteria.Measurements: We correlated V...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Recently, the potential influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the development of PCOS has been suggested. The aim of the present study is to determine whether dihydrotestosterone equivalent concentration (DEQ) representing total androgenic activities including androgen derivatives from EDCs measured by chemically activated luciferase gene ex...

Introduction: FSH acts on its receptor (FSHR) resulting in signal transduction activation, gene expression and steroidogenesis. The FSHR common SNP p.N680S is a marker of gonadal response in vivo. However, in vitro dose–response experiments failed to demonstrate the molecular basis thereof so far. In this study, we systematically investigated whether p.N680S mediates different kinetics of FSH response in vitro.Des...

Introduction: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women exhibiting characteristics ranging from hyperandrogenic to metabolic phenotypes, more prevalent in people of African/Caucasian and Asian ancestry, respectively. Since PCOS impairs fertility without diminishing in prevalence, it was discussed as an evolutionary paradox. GWAS identified 17 SNPs with different allele frequencies, depending on ethnicity, in various susceptibility loci (FSHR, LHCGR, DENND1A, THADA, C9OR...

Insulin resistance affects 50–70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance by different methods in a single cohort of 63 PCOS patients diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria.Methods: Anthropometric measurement, examination and fasting blood tests were made on the 3–5th days of their periods. HOMA-IR (cut off >2.5) and QUICKI (cut off <0.3...

The X-linked genes accounting for the determination of the ovarian function are still undefined. In the last few years, a large interest has been dedicated to the BMP15 gene. BMP15 gene encodes for a TGFβ-like growth factor of oocyte origin with a critical role in female fertility in mammals and several other species. This gene maps to a locus on the short arm of X chromosome were locates several traits of TS, including ovarian failure. Several missense variations have be...

Estrogens are important for the development of the adult female phenotype and are intracellular mediators of androgen effects in many tissues. Measuring several estrogenic compounds in blood or other body fluids may be helpful for the assessment of estrogen status. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is a versatile technique, which allows for the measurement of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in a single sample volume without derivatization...

Macrosomia is associated with pregnancy complications and is suggested to predict child’s and mother’s health. High birth weight (>4,000 g) has been associated to the risk of several major chronic diseases in future life including diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer. Additionally delivery of a large baby carries a risk of perinatal complications. The aim of this study was to obtain serum fingerprints of healthy pregnant women to identify early biomarkers o...

Introduction: Recent data showed that PCOS is related to abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism. The patients are characterized by elevated levels of PTH and decreased levels of vitamin D. Abnormalities in mineral homeostasis are related to insulin resistance. In this study, we assessed a complex of calcium and phosphate metabolism indices in patients diagnosed with PCOS.Material and methods: 60 women, aged 25±5 years diagnosed with PCOS accordin...

Background: By regulating the concentration of active estrogens in tumor cells, steroid hormone-inactivating estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) and estrogen activating steroid sulfatase (STS) may influence the progression of EOC. Therefore, we determined the expression and prognostic impact of both enzymes together with the ERα/β and the progesterone receptor (PGR) in this tumor entity.Methods: The mRNA expression levels of STS, SULT1E1, ER&#9...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is according to the Rotterdam criteria defined as minimum two of: oligomenoré, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary. These criteria do not take into account PCOS’ association with the metabolic syndrome (MES) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Recently we grouped PCOS- patients into four phenotypes depending on normal/high BMI and insulin resistance (IR). We demonstrated that PCOS-patients with high BMI and increased IR h...

Introduction: Testosterone circulates in the blood mainly bound to albumin and human sex-hormone-binding globulin (hSHBG). It is generally admitted that only the protein unbound fraction of testosterone (free hormone hypothesis) is biologically active. From our routine SHBG binding assay, we observed that SHBG concentration may have an influence on its affinity for testosterone (personal data). To further explore this assumption we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR, Biacore)...

It is well known that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Oxidative stress (OS) is, in turn, related to IR, with a vicious cycle. PCOS patients presented higher circulating concentrations of oxidative stress products such as homocysteine, malondialdehyde, an increase of superoxide dismutase and reduction of antioxidants such as glutathione and paraoxonase-1 activity. Most studies however concerned obese PCOS subjects. The physiopatholog...

Introduction: Steroid cell tumors are rare ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors with malignant potential comprising <0.1% of all ovarian tumors. A subtype called not otherwise specified (NOS) accounts for approximately one-half of all ovarian steroid cell tumors. The average age of presentation is 43 years, with androgenic clinical features in 56–77% of cases.Case report: A 21-year-old female, on liver transplantation waiting list due to Niemann&#150...

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by significantly low body weight and fear of gaining weight. Amenorrhea is a very frequent feature in AN and it could persist after normalization of BMI. A well-represented fat mass and an adequate body composition (BC) are necessary for resumption of periods. Patients affected by AN, although in the remission phase, fear of becoming fat and refuse to gain weight. In our study we evaluated the effect of a normocal...

Introduction: Nowadays polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) appears to be one of the most common endocrine disorders that involves from 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age, reaching 75% in the structure of endocrine infertility. Furthermore the distribution of adipose tissue in android region correlates with the prognosis of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases development.Aim of the study was to determine the type of obesity and to d...

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests that leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, may have independent direct effects on both insulin secretion and action, in addition to its well documented effects on appetite and energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting serum leptin concentration and its association to insulin resistance in women with gestat...

The chemical composition of the cervical mucus (CM), its physical characteristics and the volume secreted show cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle.Clinical proteomics has recently developed new technologies and bioinformatics useful in identifying molecular markers of physiology and pathology. The development of novel mass spectrometers, like the LTQ-Orbitrap, considerably contributed to increase the quantity of acquired data. Aim of the present ...

Introduction: The evidence of the impact of OS for IVF and thyroid function or autoimmunity is inconclusive, based mainly on assessments just before and after OS. The aim of this study was to closely monitor the changes on thyroid function and autoimmunity throughout OS for IVF.Description of methods/designs: In a prospective, interventional study, a flexible GnRH-antagonist protocol was applied to 42 women undergoing IVF ((classic or ICSI), with initiat...

Introduction: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal aberration with a total or partial loss of one of the two X chromosomes, occurring in 1/2000–1/2500 newborn girls. Primary ovarian insufficiency is a classic feature of this syndrome. Therefore, fertility preservation is proposed to girls or adolescents with TS. So far, no pregnancy has been reported in TS women after ovarian or oocyte freezing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and the outcome of spont...

Mood disturbances accompanying the symptoms and hormonal abnormalities are important, but underestimated, in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our objective was to assess psychological features in women with and without PCOS.Materials and methods: We investigated 116 PCOS women (according to the Rotterdam criteria) and 81 healthy control women in Vilnius city (Lithuania) in 2009–2011. Levels of anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital...

Introduction: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is commonly defined as amenorrhea or disordered menses for at least 4 months in association with menopausal FSH levels in women who are < 40 years old.Methods: The aim of our study is to describe the etiology, demographic characteristics, therapeutical management and repercussion in reproduction in patiens with POI. We carried out a retrospective observational study including 25 women with a primary o...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The higher prevalence of PCOS in T1DM was reported and thus T1DM women with PCOS exhibit a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and intercellular adhesion cell molecule-1 (sICAM-1) are considered as an early markers of atherosclerosis.Aim: We aimed to evaluate plasma levels of ...

Introduction: Lipocalin-2 is abundantly expressed in mature adipocytes and causes insulin resistance. In the physiopathology of PCOS, insulin resistance has great importance. The purpose of this study was to determine serum lipocalin-2 levels in patients with PCOS and to investigate its relationship with body fat percentage, hs-CRP and insulin resistance.Methods and designs: This study was planned as a case controlled study. We enrolled 44 women with PCO...

Bone morphogenetic protein 8 (Bmp8) is important for postnatal gonad functions. Targeted depletion of either Bmp8a or Bmp8b has been shown to cause male infertility due to the degeneration of germ cells. However, no direct signaling pathway of BMP8 has been clarified in vitro due to the lack of functional BMP8 proteins. Of interest, we found that Bmp8 transcripts are not only abundant in the rat testis but also in the ovary. Therefore, we aimed to unveil the BMP8 down...

The aim was to assess associations among metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and NAFLD.Materials and methods: In 184 women with PCOS and 125 healthy premenopausal volunteers sex steroids, lipids, glucose, insulin, aminotranspherases, CRP, free androgen index (FAI), HOMA and E2:testosterone were calculated. Hepatic steatosis was determined by ultrasound. The analysis of multivariate (logistic regression) due to the prese...

Introduction: It is well known association between cardiovascular disease and PCOS. Approximately 17–43% of women with PCOS have hyperprolactinemia. Increased levels of prolactin often associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic events, but underline pathophisiological mechanism still unknown. The strong association between hyperprolactinemia and platelet aggregation is well known. Platelets play a key role in the development of atherothrombosis, a major contribu...