Endocrine Abstracts

Background: There are differences in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) between men and women but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. The urinary proteome may contain sex-specific biomarkers and thereby identify differentially regulated pathways to DN in men and women.Method: Urine samples were obtained from 157 patients with type 2 diabetes (age, 61 (29–71) years; 120 men and 37 women), preserved renal function (eGFR, 88 &#17...

Sodium glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on the results of recent cardiovascular outcome studies. Herein, we investigated the effects of long-term treatment with canagliflozin on biochemical and immunohistochemical markers related to atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis development in the aorta of Apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo-E(−/−)) mice. After...

Background: Existing interventional trials show high dietary protein intake can reduce glycaemia in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals. At present, there is limited data on this relationship in a young, healthy population at risk of T2DM. This study investigates the association of animal and plant-based dietary protein intake on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) concentrations in a young South-Asian population at high-risk of type 2 diab...

Background: People with diabetes account for 15–20% of total inpatients in Scottish hospitals. Provision of specialised diabetes care is integral in minimising length of stay and diabetes-related complications in such patients. Consequently, inpatient diabetes teams have been implemented throughout the UK as recommended by the Joint British Diabetes Societies.Methods: The amalgamation of several Glasgow hospitals into a single large teaching hospita...

We conducted a retrospective study examining the prevalence of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in a diabetic population attending a tertiary referral centre and APRI and FIB4 scores were also calculated where possible. APRI and FIB4 scores can be used to estimate degree of liver fibrosis. APRI score >1 has 76% sensitivity, 72% specificity for predicting cirrhosis. APRI score >0.7 has 77% sensitivity, 72% specificity for predicting significant fibrosis. A FIB4 scor...

Background: Interest is rising in the use of traditional food as potential treatments for diabetes. In some arid regions camel milk is believed to have special health promoting properties. Some studies have linked consumption of camel milk to diabetes prevention in addition to describing hypoglycaemic effects in those with diabetes. The potential mechanism is incompletely understood.Aims: To investigate the impact on glucose metabolism after a mixed meal...

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in inpatients. However, the prevalence and predisposing factors for CIN remain poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CIN, kidney function and diabetic status in inpatients.Methods: We identified inpatients who received IV contrast prior to a computed tomography (CT) scan between July 2012 to March 2018 at Austi...

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia as a result of defective insulin secretion, insulin action or a combination. Poor glycaemic control increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. For group two driving license holders with diabetes there are specific requirements set out by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. It is therefore hypothesised that this patient group is likely to aim for less tight glycae...

Incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasing; majority of which is managed in primary care. NICE recommends starting Metformin as a first-line therapy. Studies have linked Metformin use with Vitamin B12 deficiency and suggest that regular monitoring of levels is warranted. The pathogenesis is not fully understood. Literature suggests that the risk of developing B12 deficiency is greatly influenced by high doses and long duration of therapy. An audit was conducte...

Background: Evidence suggests sex-specific differences in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Men and women have been shown to respond differently to certain therapies and epidemiological data suggest underuse of statins and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocking agents in women. We evaluated our local practice to identify differences in clinical characteristics and prescribing between men and women with DN.Methods: Clinical da...

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes continues to increase worldwide. Diabetes distress (DD) defined as patient concerns about disease management, support, emotional burden, and access to care. It is distinct from depression.Aim: To document the prevalence of Diabetes related distress.Objectives: 1. Determine the level of distress among the study population.2. Determine the proportion of those with high d...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease affecting every aspects of human system including the sense organs. Sadly, the prevalence is increasing in Nigeria and currently 5.5%. Hearing impairment (deafness) is public health disease and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common risk factor.Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of deafness among Nigerians with DM attending FMC Lokoja.Metho...

Background and objectives: Hyperglycaemic emergencies (HE) are the most common acute complication of diabetes and are associated with relative or absolute insulin deficiency, volume depletion, impaired mental status and metabolic derangements. Hyperglycaemic emergencies are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not properly managed. We investigated the pattern of hyperglycaemic emergencies at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeri...

Introduction: Evaluation of sexual function is an integral part of general assessment of people with diabetes mellitus but this is rarely done. These comprises hypoactive sexual desire, erectile dysfunction (ED) and ejaculatory disorders. Presence of any of this will negatively impact on the sexual life of female partners.Objectives: To determine the frequency and determinants of sexual dysfunction among male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)...

Background: Upto 5% of women will develop diabetes in pregnancy, which is increasing as a result of higher rates of obesity and older age. Diabetes in pregnancy is related increased risk to the mother and to the foetus.Aims: To assess the management of diabetes in pregnancy and monitor outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 92 pregnant females, who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes following and oral ...

The late gestation increase in glucocorticoid action promotes the structural and functional maturation of the fetal heart. Metabolic maturation of cardiomyocytes involves a switch from glucose utilization as a fuel source to fatty acid (FA) oxidation. In fetal cardiomyocytes, glucocorticoids induce expression of PGC1a (a master regulator of mitochondrial capacity), lipin1 and KLF15 (genes involved in FA oxidation). We hypothesized that glucocorticoids promote the metabolic swi...

During early life, the majority of cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and undergo terminal differentiation, becoming binucleated. This establishes the number of cardiomyocytes for the remainder of the lifetime, with subsequent consequences for cardiac resilience in adulthood. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is important for heart maturation: fetal mice lacking GR in cardiomyocytes (SMGRKO) show structural and functional cardiac immaturity. Young adult male and f...

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is 2–4 times more common in Turner Syndrome (TS) than karyotype normal females. Diagnosis of DM in TS is usually based on age of presentation and insulin dependency without regard for DM- autoimmunity. Previous research has identified DM associations with the isochromosome and ring chromosome. However, only small numbers of diabetics have been included in reports so far. Here we present preliminary data on DM characterisation in TS.</p...

The inflammatory skin disease psoriasis is an independent risk-factor for development of insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. We used human and mouse models of psoriasis to investigate a potential endocrine role of the skin in regulating subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and pancreatic islet function. Mice were administered a daily topical dose (75 mg) of imiquimod (IMQ), or Vaseline control, to a shaved dorsal region for 4 days. IPG...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressures due to clustered proliferation of cells within the vessel. Untreated this leads to right heart failure and premature death. PAH predominates in females implicating sex hormones, in particular estrogenic metabolites, as being key in the progression of PAH phenotypes. We hypothesised that hydroxy and methoxy estrogens, with known proliferative and anti-prolifera...

Introduction: Pancreatic β-cells control glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin in response to high glucose. MiRNAs regulate β-cell function and contribute to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. MiR-184 regulates β-cell compensatory expansion during pregnancy and obesity and its expression is reduced by glucose through unknown mechanisms. AMPK is a suggested target of antidiabetic drugs and an important energy sensor. Its β-cell-selective inactivation...

Materials and methods: Included patients were divided into … groups: group 1 – 41 almost healthy person (control group), group 2 – 59 patients with prediabetes, group 3 – 41 patients with T2D, group 4 – 40 patients with T2D and CHD and group 5 – 88 patients with CHD. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GP, mmol/min) and glutathione reductase (GR, mmol/min) and concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH, mmol/l), oxidized glutathione (GSSG, mmol...

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in various tissues such as brain and pancreas where it contributes to the regulation of energy expenditure and metabolism. Due to its involvement in glucose-dependent release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, the GLP-1R has become a blockbuster target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite this, debate still exists about the exact distribution of the GLP-1R throughout the...

Anacardium occidentale is a multi-purpose tree of the anacardae family with great economic and medicinal value. The leaf of the tree has been reported to possess hypoglycaemic and anti-diabetic properties. However, literature is devoid of any molecular basis for the potent effects observed. This study evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of the leaves by investigating glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin and kidney injury molecule genes us...

Background: Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes is associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that recurrent hypoglycaemia (RH) in a rodent model of T1D induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus, associated with impaired cognitive function. This study sought to investigate whether pre-treatment with a potent inducer of the antioxidant response would ameliorate these cognitive deficits.<p class=...

GPR56 is an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which we have shown to be the most abundant GPCR in mouse and human islets. The extracellular N-terminal domain of adhesion GPCRs contains a tethered agonist, buried within the GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing domain. Synthetic peptides mimicking tethered agonist sequences can activate a variety of adhesion GPCRs including GPR56. Here we investigated the effect of a GPR56 tethered agonist peptide, P7, on β-cell function...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), which is on the increase in developing country like Nigeria, increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study was carried out to detect TB in DM patient attending medical outpatient unit in State Specialist Hospital, Akure South West, Nigeria.Method: This was a cross-sectional study in which six hundred and forty eight DM patients attending the outpatient clinic were consecutively recruited after an informed consent...