Endocrine Abstracts

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% of women and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Androgen excess is an important driver of metabolic risk in PCOS. In adipose tissue from women with PCOS, increased activation of androstenedione (A4) to testosterone (T) by the enzyme AKR1C3 results in systemic lipotoxicity. Recent in-vitro studies also demonstrated that T and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) activate the androgen recep...

Background and Aim: Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids (FA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreases intrahepatic triacylglycerol (IHTAG) and plasma TAG concentrations, which is suggested to be mediated through changes in hepatic DNL. We investigated the effects of omega-3 FA supplementation on intrahepatic DNL an...

Introduction: Efficient fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids in insulin-sensitive organs is a key feature which determines metabolic health in humans. In skeletal muscle, lipid storage and utilisation can differ between healthy and diseased individuals, however to date there are limited in vitro models to explore this. Therefore, aim of this work was to investigate the effects of nutrition on engineered skeletal muscle health and metabolism.<p class="abs...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple intracellular lipid accumulation and eventually progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 5β-reductase (AKR1D1) is highly expressed in human liver and catalyzes a fundamental step in bile acid (BA) synthesis. BAs are established as potent regulators of metabolic phenotype and we have hypothesised that AKR1D1 plays...

Aims: Prolyl-4 hydroxylase domain protein 3 (PHD3) is an alpha ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase involved in the oxygen-dependent regulation of cell phenotype. While PHD3 has been reported to suppress insulin sensitivity in the liver, little is known about effects of the enzyme in insulin-secreting β-cells.Methods: βPHD3−/− mice were generated by crossing the Ins1Cre driver line with animals bearing a floxed Egln3</...

Background: Both metabolic surgery and sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance, but also increase glucagon secretion and cardiovascular health.Aim: To examine the effect of metabolic surgery (Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy; VSG) on SGLT2 expression in kidney cortex of lean mice.Methods: In order to assess whether exogenous SGLT2 inhibition has the sam...