Endocrine Abstracts

Aim

To evaluate some neonatal outcomes, depending on the level of education of the mother with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Materials and methods

A retrospective single-center study was carried out among 430 children from mothers with T1DM, who were born in 2015-2020 years. Taking into account the level of education of mothers, newborns were divided into 3 observation groups. The first group (Gr1) consisted of 70 children from mothers with low education, the second (Gr2) - 204 from mothers with intermediate education, the third (Gr3) - 156 from women with high education. The experience of diabetes in mothers Gr1 was 11(6-16) years, Gr2 - 13(7-18) years, Gr3 - 11(6.5-17.5) years (P > 0.05). Physical development of newborns was assessed using the Intergrowth-21st.

Results

The body weight of newborns of Gr1 was 3320(2800–3730) g, Gr2 – 3550(3000–3945) g, Gr3 – 3585(3150–3885) g (P_1–2 = 0.02, P_1–3 = 0.01, P_2–3 = 0.74). Z-score body weigh – 1.65(1.08–2.41), 1.63(0.89–2.45), 1.61(0.90–2.49) (P > 0.05). There were 45.7% of preterm infants among newborns Gr1, which was statistically significantly higher than in Gr2 (27.0%) and Gr3 (24.4%). Large for gestational age (LGA) newborns among full-term newborns in Gr1 were 50.0%, Gr2 – 59.7%, Gr3 – 54.9% (P > 0.05), among premature babies 78.1%, 74.9% and 79.1% (P > 0.05). The newborns from mothers with T1DM and intermediate education, compared with children from women with low education, had lower chances of prematurity (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.62–3.21), chances of respiratory support as mechanical ventilation at the 5th minute of life due to the respiratory distress syndrome and a low Apgar score (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.00–2.32). Newborns from mothers with T1DM and high education, in comparison with children from women with low education, also had lower chances of preterm birth (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.79–3.81), mechanical ventilation at the 5th minute of life (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.98–2.36).

Conclusion

The influence of maternal education on the outcomes of newborns from mothers with T1DM in Belarus has been established. The low level of education of the mother with T1DM is an important factor associated with some adverse neonatal outcomes (prematurity, mechanical ventilation at the 5th minute of life). The mother’s education level did not affect the birth rate of LGA newborns.