Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Body composition is gaining great interest in some pathologies such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, which is the main cause of mortality in these patients.

Objectives: To assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet in DM1 is associated with improvement in disease control parameters, body composition, anthropometry, dynamometry, and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study in 32 patients with DM1. Sociodemographic parameters, variables related to the disease, anthropometrics, dynamometry and body composition were collected using vectorial electrical impedance analysis. In addition, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was evaluated using the validated 14-point test of the PREDIMED trial. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program (SPSS, inc, v 25.0)

Results: 32 DM1 patients under follow-up in the Endocrinology consultation of the HUSC of Granada were selected. Mean age was 41.5±15.2 years, 20 women (62.5%) and 12 men (37.5%). Mean BMI was 26.0±5.1 kg/m2, mean HbA1C was 7.4±1.1%, mean phase angle was 5.9±0.7°. Patients were divided according to their adherence to the Med Diet into high adherence (≧9 points) or low adherence (<9 points) according to the results of the PREDIMED trial test. 19 patients (59%) obtained 9 or more points. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of total insulin dose (37.4±14.1 vs 49.9±15.5, P=0.024), insulin/kg (0.53±0.2 vs 0.67±0.15, P=0.034) and insulin sensitivity factor (50.6±20.2 vs 37±15.56, P=0.05), standardized phase angle (1.2±1.5 vs 0.02±0.84, P=0.019) and C-reactive protein (1±0.5 vs 2.4±1.3, P=0.047). A tendency to the difference between the groups in terms of HbA1c and lipid profile was found, without finding statistical significance. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups, with those who were less adherent presenting higher levels of the Tg/HDL ratio.

Conclusions: In our sample, type 1 DM patients who presented greater adherence to the Med Diet showed lower insulin needs and greater sensitivity to it with improvement in the inflammatory pattern and better preservation of cell membranes measured indirectly by the angle of phase. Based on these preliminary results, we should reinforce diabetes education programs to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet in our DM1 patients.