Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Incidence of hypercalcaemia during pregnancy is difficult to estimate as routine calcium screening is not recommended. Literature is conflicting if hypercalcemia results in worse maternal and fetal outcomes.Objectives: Aim of this study is to determine frequency and association of hypercalcaemia in pregnancy with early maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included gestations with expected...

Background: β-thalassemia is associated with increased iron overload in endocrine tissues, including parathyroid glands. The occurrence of unbalanced calcium (Ca)-phosphorous (P) metabolism, such as chronic HPT, is higher in these patients compared to the general population. However, data about prevalence and presentation of HPT in this setting are scanty.Aim: To explore the biochemical characteristics of Ca-P metabolism, particularly the prevalence...

Background: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) require long-term glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy and generally show an increased prevalence of bone metabolism alterations. Only few data are available on bone safety of dual-release Hydrocortisone (DR-HC) therapy. Objective: To evaluate bone metabolism in primary AI (PAI) and secondary AI (SAI) during long-term therapy with DR-HC.Methods: We evaluated patients with AI o...

Background: Individuals with adrenal insufficiency (AI) receive life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement which often exceeds physiological daily GC production, with negative effects on cardiometabolic and bone health parameters.Objective: Assessment of cardiometabolic and bone health markers in postmenopausal females with AI in relation to the GC dose.Methods: We retrospectively collected 114 postmenopausal women with AI (37 with ...

Background: Hypomagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance defined by a low serum magnesium level. Causes of hypomagnesemia include inadequate dietary intake, decreased intestinal absorption, and increased renal excretion. The clinical presentation varies depending on the severity of the magnesium deficiency-from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild symptoms, to severe, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and seizures.Case presentation: A 55-year-old ...

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is an important tool for fracture risk assessment, but should be used with awareness of its performance and analysis pitfalls.Case Presentation: A 59-year-old patient underwent her first densitometry as part of a routine medical check-up. She had no previous fractures and no risk factors that could impair bone health. The results showed that her BMD was in the range of low bone mass. Four years later, de...

Background: Aneurismal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare benign tumours of the bone that, similar to the giant cell tumours (GCTBs) of the bone, contain osteoclast-like giant cells. Standard therapeutic options include different surgical approaches and/or radiotherapy. However, in selected cases, other therapeutic options are needed. Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) has been approved for the treatment of giant cells tu...

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often only mildly sympthomatic1. Nevertheless, some patients are diagnosed late and severe complications such as osteitis fibrosa cystica can develop.Case Presentation: A 32 years old female was hospitalized due to pain in the left femoral region after falling from standing height. Radiological investigations revealed left femoral pathologic fracture and bone malignancy was suspected. Further r...

Background: Bilateral neck exploration (BNE) as a routine surgery for PHPT is favored by many experts in endocrine surgery as it may provide the identification of preoperatively undetected multiglandular disease. But for a large cohort of patients BNE remains unnecessary and its possible higher rate of surgical complications is being widely discussed.Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the complication rates of bilateral neck exploration in ...

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a rare condition with multiple causes. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and measurement of urine ketones, serum electrolytes, and renal function. Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy can rarely be manifested with clinical presentation of hyperemesis gravidarum with substantial maternal and fetal complications. In most cases adequate hydration, with or without forced diuresis, as well as with low calcium content diet is treatment ...